Querner Pascal, Milasowszky Norbert, Zulka Klaus Peter, Abensperg-Traun Max, Willner Wolfgang, Sauberer Norbert, Jakomini Christine, Wrbka Thomas, Schmitzberger Ingrid, Zechmeister Harald G
Department of Integrative Biology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Institute of Zoology, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria.
Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
Insects. 2018 Jul 7;9(3):81. doi: 10.3390/insects9030081.
We assessed the relationships between site size, habitat quality, landscape factors (fragmentation, landscape diversity) and species richness in communities of Collembola in 50 small dry grassland habitat patches in an agricultural landscape of eastern Austria. Grasslands in that region were once widespread and extensive, but have become increasingly fragmented and isolated. We hypothesized that dry grassland springtails species richness is significantly correlated with site variables (soil properties, habitat quality) and that the size of grassland sites is positively correlated with species richness. We used pitfall traps in 50 dry grasslands in differently structured agricultural landscapes and tested total abundance and three species richness measures: (1) the number of dry grassland specialist species, (2) total number of dry grassland species and (3) overall species richness. In the multivariate correlation models, we found that all species richness measures were significantly related to the plant species richness, a shape parameter of the sites, soil properties such as humus, temperature, sand and gravel content and the landscape variable reflecting isolation (distance to the nearest large dry grassland area). This landscape variable indicates that neighbouring grasslands are influencing the species richness of the sites. This may be a result of passive wind dispersal across the landscape or historic connection of the small sites with much larger dry grasslands. The size of the site did not show any significant correlation with total, dry grassland specialist, dry grassland generalist or generalist species richness. The small size of Collembola might explain these findings, because they have high population densities even in small patches.
我们评估了奥地利东部农业景观中50个小型干旱草原栖息地斑块内弹尾虫群落的场地大小、栖息地质量、景观因素（破碎化、景观多样性）与物种丰富度之间的关系。该地区的草原曾经分布广泛且面积广大，但如今已变得越来越破碎和孤立。我们假设干旱草原跳虫的物种丰富度与场地变量（土壤性质、栖息地质量）显著相关，并且草原场地的大小与物种丰富度呈正相关。我们在50个处于不同结构农业景观中的干旱草原使用了陷阱诱捕器，并测试了总丰度和三种物种丰富度指标：（1）干旱草原特有物种的数量，（2）干旱草原物种的总数，以及（3）总体物种丰富度。在多变量相关模型中，我们发现所有物种丰富度指标都与植物物种丰富度、场地的一个形状参数、腐殖质、温度、沙子和砾石含量等土壤性质以及反映隔离程度的景观变量（到最近大片干旱草原区域的距离）显著相关。这个景观变量表明相邻的草原正在影响场地的物种丰富度。这可能是风在景观中被动扩散的结果，或者是这些小场地与大得多的干旱草原历史上存在联系的结果。场地大小与总物种丰富度、干旱草原特有物种丰富度、干旱草原常见物种丰富度或常见物种丰富度均未显示出任何显著相关性。弹尾虫体型小或许可以解释这些发现，因为即使在小斑块中它们也有很高的种群密度。
