Cruse Alyssa, Offen Kelsey, Markant Julie
Department of Psychology, Tulane University, 2700 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St., New Orleans, LA 70118, United States.
Brain Cogn. 2018 Aug;125:106-117. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.06.006. Epub 2018 Jun 29.
Selective attention is a dynamic process that rapidly shifts processing resources to information that is most relevant to our goals. Although individuals often show spatial biases in attention, these biases can be modified by both long-term factors, such as musical training, or by momentary changes in the auditory context. The present study used a visual search task to examine the influence of these factors on spatial attention biases while increasing demands on selective attention. Experiment 1 examined the effects of musical experience on baseline spatial selective attention biases during search. Individuals with little musical experience showed a typical leftward response bias that became stronger as the number of distractors increased. However, those with more musical experience showed similar responses to targets on the left and right sides, indicating an attenuation of the typical leftward spatial attention bias. Experiment 2 examined whether the addition of low- and high-frequency tones dynamically influenced participants' spatial attention biases during visual search. Participants showed increased orienting to and scanning of left-side distractor locations in response to low-frequency tones regardless of musical experience. The present results demonstrate that spatial attention biases are dynamic and can be shaped by both long-term experiences and momentary contextual effects.
选择性注意是一个动态过程，它会迅速将处理资源转移到与我们目标最相关的信息上。尽管个体在注意力方面常常表现出空间偏向，但这些偏向既可以被长期因素（如音乐训练）改变，也可以被听觉环境的瞬间变化改变。本研究使用视觉搜索任务来检验这些因素对空间注意偏向的影响，同时增加对选择性注意的要求。实验1考察了音乐经验对搜索过程中基线空间选择性注意偏向的影响。音乐经验较少的个体表现出典型的向左反应偏向，且随着干扰项数量的增加而增强。然而，那些音乐经验较多的个体对左侧和右侧目标的反应相似，表明典型的向左空间注意偏向有所减弱。实验2考察了在视觉搜索过程中，添加低频和高频音调是否会动态影响参与者的空间注意偏向。无论音乐经验如何，参与者在听到低频音调时，对左侧干扰项位置的定向和扫描都会增加。目前的结果表明，空间注意偏向是动态的，并且可以被长期经验和瞬间情境效应所塑造。
