University Behavioral Health Care, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, United States; Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
Psychiatry Res. 2018 Oct;268:53-59. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.052. Epub 2018 Jun 26.
Prior studies have documented biological motion perception deficits in schizophrenia, but it remains unclear whether the impairments arise from poor social cognition, perceptual organization, basic motion processing, or sustained attention/motivation. To address the issue, we had 24 chronic schizophrenia patients and 27 healthy controls perform three tasks: coherent motion, where subjects indicated whether a cloud of dots drifted leftward or rightward; dynamic rigid form, where subjects determined the tilt direction of a translating, point-light rectangle; and biological motion, where subjects judged whether a human point-light figure walked leftward or rightward. Task difficulty was staircase controlled and depended on the directional variability of the background dot motion. Catch trials were added to verify task attentiveness and engagement.
Patients and controls demonstrated similar performance thresholds and near-ceiling catch trial accuracy for each task (uncorrected ps > 0.1; ds < 0.35). In all but the coherent motion task, higher IQ correlated with better performance (ps < 0.001).
Schizophrenia patients have intact perception of motion coherence, dynamic rigid form, and biological motion at least for our sample and set-up. We speculate that previously documented biological motion perception deficits arose from task or stimulus differences or from group differences in IQ, attention, or motivation.
先前的研究记录了精神分裂症患者的生物运动知觉缺陷，但仍不清楚这些缺陷是源于较差的社会认知、知觉组织、基本运动处理还是持续的注意力/动机。为了解决这个问题，我们让 24 名慢性精神分裂症患者和 27 名健康对照者执行三个任务：连贯运动，被试者需要指示一群点向左或向右漂移；动态刚性形式，被试者需要确定平移的点光矩形的倾斜方向；以及生物运动，被试者需要判断一个人点亮的人形图是向左还是向右走。任务难度通过阶梯控制，并取决于背景点运动的方向可变性。添加了捕获试验来验证任务的注意力和参与度。
患者和对照组在每个任务中的表现阈值和接近满分的捕获试验准确率相似（未校正的 p 值均大于 0.1； ds 值小于 0.35）。除了连贯运动任务外，较高的智商与更好的表现相关（p 值均小于 0.001）。
对于我们的样本和设置，精神分裂症患者至少在感知运动连贯、动态刚性形式和生物运动方面没有受损。我们推测先前记录的生物运动知觉缺陷是由于任务或刺激的差异，或者是由于智商、注意力或动机方面的组间差异引起的。
