Watanabe Y, Tashiro M, Kitame F, Homma M
Microbiol Immunol. 1985;29(9):825-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1985.tb00885.x.
The mode of hemolysis by influenza A virus was compared with that of Sendai virus. The WSN strain of influenza virus grown in either eggs or MDCK cells expressed hardly any hemolytic activity by itself. Treatment of the MDCK cell-grown WSN virus with sonication or freezing and thawing moderately enhanced the hemolytic activity, but the maximum level attainable was considerably lower than that of Sendai virus. A high level of hemolytic activity comparable to that of Sendai virus was obtained only after treatment of the virus with antibody and complement. An electron microscopic study revealed that non- or low-hemolytic WSN virions were not permeable to uranyl acetate stain in contrast with the hemolytic virions obtained after treatment with antibody and complement, indicating that the hemolytic virions had sustained some injury to their envelopes. These phenomena were comparable to those found with Sendai virus, showing that damage to the envelope is also responsible for the hemolysis of influenza virus. The influenza viruses, however, remained spherical after every treatment and the stain did not penetrate into the core of the virion. These observations suggest that the envelope of influenza virus is more rigid than that of Sendai virus but that the hemolytic process of influenza virus is nevertheless mediated through envelope-membrane fusion as in the case of Sendai virus.
对甲型流感病毒的溶血模式与仙台病毒的溶血模式进行了比较。在鸡蛋或MDCK细胞中培养的流感病毒WSN株本身几乎不表现出任何溶血活性。用超声处理或冻融处理MDCK细胞培养的WSN病毒可适度增强其溶血活性，但可达到的最高水平远低于仙台病毒。只有在用抗体和补体处理病毒后，才能获得与仙台病毒相当的高水平溶血活性。电子显微镜研究表明，与用抗体和补体处理后获得的溶血病毒粒子相比，非溶血或低溶血的WSN病毒粒子不能被醋酸铀酰染色剂穿透，这表明溶血病毒粒子的包膜受到了一定程度的损伤。这些现象与在仙台病毒中发现的现象相似，表明包膜损伤也是流感病毒溶血的原因。然而，经过每次处理后，流感病毒仍保持球形，染色剂并未渗透到病毒粒子的核心。这些观察结果表明，流感病毒的包膜比仙台病毒的包膜更坚硬，但流感病毒的溶血过程仍然是通过包膜-膜融合介导的，就像仙台病毒一样。
