NAGREF - Hellenic Agricultural Organization (H.A.O.-DEMETER), Institute for Olive Tree Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, Water Recourses-Irrigation & Env. Geoinformatics Lab., Agrokipio, Chania, Greece.
School of Environmental Engineering - Technical University of Crete, Polytechneioupolis, 73100 Chania, Greece.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jun 1;625:1290-1300. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.051. Epub 2018 Jan 12.
This paper presents a new integrated GIS modeling method to assess drought vulnerability using multi-criteria analysis. The proposed methodology is an improvement over previous methods since it incorporates both dynamic and static factors that may affect water dynamics and contribute to water scarcity. These factors are: a) precipitation, b) evapotranspiration, c) soil water content, d) soil depth, e) artificial drainage, f) depth to water table, g) runoff accumulation, and h) saltwater intrusion zones. The above factors and their corresponding maps were fuzzified and spatially overlayed in order to obtain the final drought vulnerability map. The map depicts the spatial distribution of drought vulnerability represented by five classes ranging from very low to very high vulnerability. The proposed methodology was applied to the Greek island of Crete located in the Southeast Mediterranean region. The island of Crete is one of the most drought-prone areas in the region, while at the same time the island's economy relies strongly on agriculture and tourism. The derived results show that drought vulnerability is more severe in the eastern part of the island and that the coastal zones of the entire island are drought-prone areas. Also, according to the results, 19% of the island's area is characterized as "very highly vulnerable to drought". This percentage varies significantly across the prefectures, with Rethymnon having the lowest vulnerability (2.8%), followed by the prefectures of Chania (6.3%), and Heraklion (17.3%), while the prefecture of Lassithi is the most vulnerable to drought (51.4%). The developed methodology was validated using historical data for drought affected areas in Crete, which is not always addressed in publications. Moreover, in this study, sustainable agricultural practices that ensure water efficiency especially in drought prone areas are proposed. These practices can be adopted by farmers to promote climate resilient agriculture in the Mediterranean region.
本文提出了一种新的综合 GIS 建模方法，通过多准则分析评估干旱脆弱性。与以往方法相比，该方法有所改进，因为它结合了可能影响水动态并导致水资源短缺的动态和静态因素。这些因素包括：a）降水，b）蒸散，c）土壤含水量，d）土壤深度，e）人工排水，f）地下水位深度，g）径流量积累，和 h）咸水入侵区。对上述因素及其相应的地图进行了模糊化和空间叠加，以获得最终的干旱脆弱性图。该图描绘了由五个类别表示的干旱脆弱性的空间分布，范围从极低到极高的脆弱性。所提出的方法应用于位于东南地中海地区的希腊克里特岛。克里特岛是该地区最易受干旱影响的地区之一，同时，该岛的经济严重依赖农业和旅游业。得出的结果表明，岛屿东部的干旱脆弱性更为严重，整个岛屿的沿海地区都是干旱易发区。此外，根据结果，该岛 19%的地区被评为“极易受干旱影响”。这一百分比在各地区差异很大，雷西姆农的脆弱性最低（2.8%），其次是干尼亚（6.3%）和伊拉克利翁（17.3%），而拉西锡的脆弱性最高（51.4%）。所开发的方法使用克里特岛干旱影响地区的历史数据进行了验证，而这些数据在出版物中并不总是涉及。此外，在本研究中，提出了确保特别是在干旱易发地区水资源效率的可持续农业实践。这些实践可以被农民采用，以促进地中海地区具有气候适应能力的农业。
