Janeczek Agnieszka, Zawadzki Marcin, Szpot Pawel, Niedzwiedz Artur
"Cztery Łapy i Ty" Veterinary Clinic, ul. Chabrowa 95 b, 52-200, Wysoka, Poland.
Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 4, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland.
Acta Vet Scand. 2018 Jul 11;60(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s13028-018-0398-0.
Cannabis from hemp (Cannabis sativa and C. indica) is one of the most common illegal drugs used by drug abusers. Indian cannabis contains around 70 alkaloids, and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC) is the most psychoactive substance. Animal intoxications occur rarely and are mostly accidental. According to the US Animal Poison Control Center, cannabis intoxication mostly affects dogs (96%). The most common cause of such intoxication is unintentional ingestion of a cannabis product, but it may also occur after the exposure to marijuana smoke.
A 6-year-old Persian cat was brought to the veterinary clinic due to strong psychomotor agitation turning into aggression. During hospitalisation for 14 days, the cat behaved normally and had no further attacks of unwanted behaviour. It was returned to its home but shortly after it developed neurological signs again and was re-hospitalised. On presentation, the patient showed no neurological abnormalities except for symmetric mydriasis and scleral congestion. During the examination, the behaviour of the cat changed dramatically. It developed alternate states of agitation and apathy, each lasting several minutes. On interview it turned out that the cat had been exposed to marijuana smoke. Blood toxicology tests by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry revealed the presence of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) at 5.5 ng/mL, 11-hydroxy-delta-9-THC at 1.2 ng/mL, and 11-carboxy-delta-9-THC at 13.8 ng/mL. The cat was given an isotonic solution of NaCl 2.5 and 2.5% glucose at a dose of 40 mL/kg/day parenterally and was hospitalised. After complete recovery, the cat was returned to it's owner and future isolation of the animal from marijuana smoke was advised.
This is the first case of a delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol intoxication in a cat with both description of the clinical findings and the blood concentration of delta-9-THC and its main metabolites.
大麻（大麻属植物）是药物滥用者使用的最常见非法毒品之一。印度大麻含有约70种生物碱，而δ-9-四氢大麻酚（δ-9-THC）是最具精神活性的物质。动物中毒很少见，大多是意外情况。根据美国动物中毒控制中心的数据，大麻中毒主要影响狗（96%）。此类中毒最常见的原因是意外摄入大麻产品，但也可能在接触大麻烟雾后发生。
一只6岁的波斯猫因强烈的精神运动性兴奋转为攻击行为被带到兽医诊所。在住院14天期间，这只猫表现正常，没有再次出现不良行为发作。它被送回家，但不久后又出现神经症状并再次住院。就诊时，除了双侧瞳孔散大和巩膜充血外，患者没有神经异常。检查期间，猫的行为发生了巨大变化。它出现了交替的兴奋和冷漠状态，每种状态持续几分钟。经询问发现这只猫接触过大麻烟雾。通过气相色谱串联质谱法进行的血液毒理学检测显示，δ-9-四氢大麻酚（THC）含量为5.5纳克/毫升，11-羟基-δ-9-THC含量为1.2纳克/毫升，11-羧基-δ-9-THC含量为13.8纳克/毫升。给这只猫静脉注射2.5%的氯化钠和2.5%的葡萄糖等渗溶液，剂量为40毫升/千克/天，并将其住院治疗。完全康复后，这只猫被归还给主人，并建议今后让动物远离大麻烟雾。
这是首例描述了临床症状以及δ-9-THC及其主要代谢物血液浓度的猫δ-9-四氢大麻酚中毒病例。
