无牙情况下的上颌骨发育:颅牙演化发育整合的新见解

Upper jaw development in the absence of teeth: New insights for craniodental evo-devo integration.

作者信息

Phen Alyssa, Greer Justine, Uppal Jasmene, Der Jasmine, Boughner Julia C

机构信息

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

出版信息

Evol Dev. 2018 Sep;20(5):146-159. doi: 10.1111/ede.12261. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

Abstract

In p63-null mice (p63 ), teeth fail to form but the mandible forms normally; conversely, the upper jaw skeleton is malformed. Here we explored whether lack of dental tissues contributed to midfacial dysmorphologies in p63 mice by testing if facial prominence defects appeared before odontogenesis failed. We also investigated gene dose effects by testing if one wild type (WT) p63 allele (p63 ) was sufficient for normal upper jaw skeleton formation. We micro-CT scanned PFA-fixed p63 , p63 , and WT (p63 ) adult and embryonic mice aged E10-E14. Next, we landmarked mandibular (MdP), maxillary (MxP) and nasal prominences (NPs), and facial bones. 3D landmark data were assessed using Principal Component, Canonical Variate, Partial Least Squares, and other statistical analyses. The p63 embryos showed MxP and NP malformations by E12, despite the presence of dental tissues. MdP shape was comparable among p63 , p63 , and p63 embryos. Upper jaw shape was comparable between p63 and p63 adults. The upper jaw and its dentition both require p63 signaling, but not each other's presence, to form properly. One WT p63 allele enables normal midfacial morphogenesis; gene dose may be a target for jaw macroevolution. Jaw-specific genetic mechanisms likely integrate the evo-devo of dentitions with upper versus lower jaws.

摘要

在p63基因缺失的小鼠(p63-/-)中,牙齿无法形成,但下颌骨正常形成;相反,上颌骨骼畸形。在这里,我们通过测试面部突出缺陷是否在牙发生失败之前出现,来探究牙齿组织的缺失是否导致了p63-/-小鼠的面中部畸形。我们还通过测试一个野生型(WT)p63等位基因(p63+/-)是否足以实现正常的上颌骨骼形成,来研究基因剂量效应。我们对经多聚甲醛固定的E10-E14期的p63-/-、p63+/-和野生型(p63+/+)成年及胚胎小鼠进行了显微CT扫描。接下来,我们标记了下颌(MdP)、上颌(MxP)和鼻突(NPs)以及面部骨骼。使用主成分分析、典型变量分析、偏最小二乘法和其他统计分析方法评估三维标记数据。尽管存在牙齿组织,但p63-/-胚胎在E12时就出现了MxP和NP畸形。p63-/-、p63+/-和p63+/+胚胎的MdP形状相当。p63-/-和p63+/+成年小鼠的上颌形状相当。上颌及其牙列的正常形成都需要p63信号传导,但彼此的存在并非必需。一个WT p63等位基因能够实现正常的面中部形态发生;基因剂量可能是颌骨宏观进化的一个靶点。颌骨特异性遗传机制可能将牙列的进化发育与上颌和下颌整合在一起。

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