Weber J, Höver S
Rofo. 1985 Nov;143(5):534-43. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1052862.
Technical problems are repeatedly encountered during percutaneous transhepatic drainage by catheter or endo-prosthesis which are caused by the position, extent and tightness of the stenosis in the biliary ducts. All means of overcoming these problems must be used, otherwise technical failure or complications become inevitable. The methods to be adopted if catheters break and endo-prostheses become displaced or occluded, and for haemorrhage, are described, as well as methods for draining multiple, proximal or intrahepatic stenoses. This is based on an experience with 74 patients on whom 130 drainage procedures have been performed (80 catheters, 50 endo-prostheses). All complications and mortality (five patients, 3.8%) were due to problems which could not be solved. Internal biliary drainage by means of an endoprosthesis is markedly superior to catheter drainage.
经皮经肝胆道引流术（通过导管或内置假体）过程中会反复遇到技术问题，这些问题是由胆管狭窄的位置、范围和狭窄程度引起的。必须采用一切手段来克服这些问题，否则技术失败或并发症将不可避免。文中描述了导管断裂、内置假体移位或堵塞以及出血时应采取的方法，还有针对多处、近端或肝内狭窄的引流方法。这是基于对74例患者的经验，对这些患者共进行了130次引流手术（80根导管、50个内置假体）。所有并发症和死亡病例（5例患者，3.8%）均是由无法解决的问题导致的。通过内置假体进行的胆道内引流明显优于导管引流。
