Peginterferon alfa is unmeasurable in human milk. In addition, because interferon is poorly absorbed orally, it is not likely to reach the bloodstream of the infant. Polyethylene glycol is not excreted into breastmilk.[1] It is unlikely that peginterferon alfa use by a nursing mother presents any serious risk to the breastfed infant. For use in treating maternal hepatitis B, no differences exist in infection rates between breast-fed and formula-fed infants born to hepatitis B-infected women, as long as the infant receives hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine at birth. Mothers with hepatitis B are encouraged to breastfeed their infants after their infants receive these preventative measures.[2,3] Hepatitis C is not transmitted through breastmilk and breastmilk has been shown to inactivate hepatitis C virus (HCV).[4-7] However, the Centers for Disease Control recommends that mothers with HCV infection should consider abstaining from breastfeeding if their nipples are cracked or bleeding. It is not clear if this warning would apply to mothers who are being treated for hepatitis C. Infants born to mothers with HCV infection should be tested for HCV infection; because maternal antibody is present for the first 18 months of life and before the infant mounts an immunologic response, nucleic acid testing is recommended.[4,7]
虽然目前尚无关于聚乙二醇干扰素α在母乳中情况的信息，但母乳中常规干扰素α的含量微乎其微。此外，由于干扰素口服吸收很差，不太可能进入婴儿的血液循环。聚乙二醇不会排泄到母乳中。[1]哺乳期母亲使用聚乙二醇干扰素α不太可能对母乳喂养的婴儿构成任何严重风险。对于用于治疗母亲的乙型肝炎，只要婴儿在出生时接受乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白和乙型肝炎疫苗，乙型肝炎感染母亲所生的母乳喂养婴儿和配方奶喂养婴儿的感染率没有差异。鼓励患有乙型肝炎的母亲在婴儿接受这些预防措施后进行母乳喂养。[2,3]丙型肝炎不会通过母乳传播，并且已证明母乳可使丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）失活。[4-7]然而，疾病控制中心建议，丙型肝炎感染母亲如果乳头皲裂或出血，应考虑避免母乳喂养。尚不清楚此警告是否适用于正在接受丙型肝炎治疗的母亲。丙型肝炎感染母亲所生的婴儿应进行丙型肝炎感染检测；由于婴儿出生后的前18个月内存在母体抗体，且在婴儿产生免疫反应之前，建议进行核酸检测。[4,7]
