Wang Chunmei, Wang Qinqin, Ji Bingyuan, Pan Yanyou, Xu Chao, Cheng Baohua, Bai Bo, Chen Jing
Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Jining Medical University in Colleges of Shandong, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
Front Mol Neurosci. 2018 Jun 28;11:220. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00220. eCollection 2018.
Orexins, also known as hypocretins, are two neuropeptides secreted from orexin-containing neurons, mainly in the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Orexins orchestrate their effects by binding and activating two G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R) and type 2 (OX2R). Orexin/receptor pathways play vital regulatory roles in many physiological processes, especially feeding behavior, sleep-wake rhythm, reward and addiction and energy balance. Furthermore several reports showed that orexin/receptor pathways are involved in pathological processes of neurological diseases such as narcolepsy, depression, ischemic stroke, drug addiction and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review article summarizes the expression patterns, physiological functions and potential molecular mechanisms of the orexin/receptor system in neurological diseases, providing an overall framework for considering these pathways from the standpoints of basic research and clinical treatment of neurological diseases.
食欲素，也被称为下丘脑泌素，是由含食欲素的神经元分泌的两种神经肽，主要位于下丘脑外侧区（LH）。食欲素通过结合并激活两种G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR），即1型食欲素受体（OX1R）和2型食欲素受体（OX2R）来发挥其作用。食欲素/受体通路在许多生理过程中发挥着至关重要的调节作用，尤其是在进食行为、睡眠-觉醒节律、奖赏与成瘾以及能量平衡方面。此外，一些报告表明，食欲素/受体通路参与了诸如发作性睡病、抑郁症、缺血性中风、药物成瘾和阿尔茨海默病（AD）等神经疾病的病理过程。这篇综述文章总结了食欲素/受体系统在神经疾病中的表达模式、生理功能和潜在分子机制，为从神经疾病的基础研究和临床治疗角度考虑这些通路提供了一个总体框架。
