Sueri Chiara, Gasparini Sara, Balestrini Simona, Labate Angelo, Gambardella Antonio, Russo Emilio, Leo Antonio, Casarotto Silvia, Pittau Francesca, Trimboli Michele, Cianci Vittoria, Ascoli Michele, Cavalli Salvatore M, Ferrigno Giulia, Aguglia Umberto, Ferlazzo Edoardo
Regional Epilepsy Centre, Great Metropolitan Hospital, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2018;19(6):440-450. doi: 10.2174/1389201019666180713095251.
Diagnostic biomarkers of epilepsy are objectively measurable variables associated with the development of epilepsy or the propensity to generate seizures. Identification of biomarkers could be helpful for differential diagnosis and for tailored therapeutic approaches.
This review focuses on diagnostic biomarkers of epilepsy, including genetic, serological, neuroimaging and electrophysiological variables.
References were mainly identified through PubMed search until December 2017 and backtracking of references in pertinent studies.
Several promising diagnostic biomarkers of epilepsy exist, with causative value or predicting liability to develop seizures after acquired brain injuries. Short non-coding RNAs are deregulated in serum and cerebral tissue of epilepsy subjects: these molecules are promising diagnostic biomarkers, being easy to assess and reproducible. Advanced imaging techniques may allow identification of subtle epileptogenic lesions, often with prognostic value. Novel electrophysiological biomarkers of epilepsy include perturbed cortical connectivity and excitability induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation, as well as high-frequency oscillations detected by intracranial and scalp electroencephalographic recordings. Finally, serological biomarkers may support the differential diagnosis between epileptic seizures and non-epileptic events.
Ongoing research on diagnostic biomarkers of epilepsy is promising and future preclinical and clinical studies are warranted.
癫痫的诊断生物标志物是与癫痫发展或发作倾向相关的客观可测量变量。生物标志物的识别有助于鉴别诊断和制定个性化治疗方案。
本综述聚焦于癫痫的诊断生物标志物，包括基因、血清学、神经影像学和电生理变量。
主要通过PubMed检索截至2017年12月的参考文献，并对相关研究中的参考文献进行回溯。
存在几种有前景的癫痫诊断生物标志物，对后天性脑损伤后癫痫发作具有病因学价值或预测发作可能性。短链非编码RNA在癫痫患者的血清和脑组织中表达失调：这些分子有望成为诊断生物标志物，因其易于评估且具有可重复性。先进的成像技术可能有助于识别细微的致痫性病变，这些病变通常具有预后价值。癫痫新的电生理生物标志物包括经颅磁刺激引起的皮质连接性和兴奋性改变，以及颅内和头皮脑电图记录检测到的高频振荡。最后，血清学生物标志物可能有助于癫痫发作与非癫痫事件的鉴别诊断。
对癫痫诊断生物标志物的持续研究前景广阔，未来有必要开展临床前和临床研究。
