Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute.
Students' Scientific Research Center.
J Hypertens. 2018 Dec;36(12):2380-2389. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001836.
In Iran, there has been no national report on salt intake based on laboratory measurements so far. Therefore, this study was conducted to measure salt intake among Iranian population at the national level.
In stepwise approach to conduct a surveillance survey 2016, 18 624 Iranian adults (25 years old and above), as a representative sample of Iranian adult population at national and subnational levels, underwent urine sodium measurement and were included in this study. The participants were recruited through a systematic random sampling from 30 provinces of Iran. For each individual, through a computer-assisted interview, a questionnaire on lifestyle risk factors was completed, all anthropometric indices were measured, and data on sodium of spot urine sample for all individuals and 24-h urine sample for a subsample were collected. To estimate the 24-h salt intake, common equations were used.
In total, 97.66% of the population consumed at least 5 g of salt per day. In addition, in 41.20% of the population, the level of salt intake was at least two times higher than the level recommended by the WHO for adults. The mean of salt intake among Iranian population was 9.52 g/day (95% confidence interval: 9.48-9.56).
The study showed that the consumption of salt among the Iranian population is higher than the level recommended by WHO. To reduce salt intake, it is necessary to adopt a combination of nationwide policies such as food reformulation and food labelling.
迄今为止，伊朗尚无基于实验室测量的全国食盐摄入量报告。因此，本研究旨在测量伊朗全国范围内的人群食盐摄入量。
在 2016 年逐步开展监测调查中，选择 18624 名伊朗成年人（25 岁及以上）作为全国和次国家级伊朗成年人口的代表性样本，进行尿钠测量，并将其纳入本研究。通过系统随机抽样，从伊朗 30 个省份招募参与者。对于每个个体，通过计算机辅助访谈，完成一份关于生活方式风险因素的问卷，测量所有人体测量学指标，并收集所有个体的即时尿样和亚样本的 24 小时尿样的钠数据。为了估计 24 小时盐摄入量，使用了常见的方程。
总体而言，97.66%的人口每天至少摄入 5 克盐。此外，在 41.20%的人群中，盐摄入量水平至少是世界卫生组织建议的成年人摄入量的两倍。伊朗人口的平均盐摄入量为 9.52 克/天（95%置信区间：9.48-9.56）。
该研究表明，伊朗人群的食盐摄入量高于世界卫生组织的建议水平。为了减少盐摄入量，有必要采取包括食品配方调整和食品标签在内的全国性政策组合。
