Wahnschaffe Ulrich, Fritzsch Bernd, Himstedt Werner
Universität Bielefeld, Dept. Neuroanatomie, 48 Bielefeld, West Germany.
TH Darmstadt, Inst. Zoology, 61 Darmstadt, West Germany.
J Morphol. 1985 Dec;186(3):369-377. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1051860312.
Light and electron microscopic observations of the lateral-line organs of larval Ichthyophis kohtaoensis confirmed earlier reports of the occurrence of two different types of lateral-line organs. One type, the ampullary organ, possesses 15-26 egg-shaped sensory cells. Each sensory cell extends a single kinocilium surrounded by a few microvilli into the ampullary lumen. This is in contrast to the ampullary organs of urodele amphibians that contain only microvilli. The second type of organ, the ordinary neuromast, has 15-24 pear-shaped sensory cells arranged in two to three rows. Each sensory cell shows a kinocilium that is asymmetrically placed with respect to both a basal plate and approximately 60 stereovilli. The sensory cells of ampullary organs are always separated by supporting cells; those of neuromasts are occasionally in contact with one another. Numerous (neuromasts) or few (ampullary organs) mantle cells separate the organs from the epidermal cells. Only afferent synapses are found in the ampullary organs whereas vesicle-filled fibers together with afferent nerve terminals are found in neuromasts. Both organs contain similarly sized presynaptic spheres adjacent to the afferent fibers. It is suggested that the neuromasts have a mechanoreceptive function, whereas the ampullary organs have an electroreceptive one.
对考艾岛盲螈幼体侧线器官的光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察证实了早期有关两种不同类型侧线器官存在的报道。一种类型是壶腹器官，有15 - 26个卵形感觉细胞。每个感觉细胞伸出一根被一些微绒毛包围的单根动纤毛进入壶腹管腔。这与仅含有微绒毛的有尾两栖动物的壶腹器官不同。第二种器官类型是普通神经丘，有15 - 24个梨形感觉细胞排列成两到三排。每个感觉细胞都有一根相对于基板和大约60根静纤毛不对称放置的动纤毛。壶腹器官的感觉细胞总是被支持细胞隔开；神经丘的感觉细胞偶尔相互接触。大量（神经丘）或少量（壶腹器官）套细胞将这些器官与表皮细胞分隔开。在壶腹器官中只发现传入突触，而在神经丘中发现充满囊泡的纤维以及传入神经末梢。这两种器官在传入纤维附近都含有大小相似的突触前球。有人认为神经丘具有机械感受功能，而壶腹器官具有电感受功能。
