Palomo Irigoyen Marta, Tamayo Caro Miguel, Pérez Andrés Encarnacion, Barreira Manrique Adrián, Varela Rey Marta, Woodhoo Ashwin
Nerve Disorders Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Vizcaya, Spain.
Liver disease Laboratory, Liver metabolism Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1791:81-93. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7862-5_7.
Schwann cells are the main glial cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and play key roles in peripheral nerve development and function, including providing myelin that is essential for normal movement and sensation in the adult. Schwann cells can be readily destabilized by a wide variety of distinct conditions that range from nerve injury to immune assaults, metabolic disturbances, microbial infections, or genetic defects, leading to the breakdown of myelin (demyelination) and a subsequent switch in phenotypic states. This striking feature of Schwann cells forms the cornerstone of several debilitating and even fatal PNS neurological disorders that include the demyelinating neuropathies Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), and PNS cancers, including Neurofibromatosis.Primary Schwann cell cultures have proved a valuable tool to dissect key mechanisms that regulate proliferation, survival, differentiation, and myelination of these glial cell types. In this chapter, we describe the steps involved in the isolation and purification of Schwann cells from rodent peripheral nerves and the use of these cultures to model myelination in vitro.
施万细胞是周围神经系统（PNS）的主要神经胶质细胞，在周围神经发育和功能中发挥关键作用，包括提供髓磷脂，这对成年人的正常运动和感觉至关重要。施万细胞很容易因多种不同情况而变得不稳定，这些情况从神经损伤到免疫攻击、代谢紊乱、微生物感染或基因缺陷不等，导致髓磷脂分解（脱髓鞘）以及随后的表型状态转变。施万细胞的这一显著特征构成了几种使人衰弱甚至致命的PNS神经系统疾病的基石，这些疾病包括脱髓鞘性神经病吉兰-巴雷综合征（GBS）和夏科-马里-图斯病（CMT），以及PNS癌症，包括神经纤维瘤病。原代施万细胞培养已被证明是剖析调节这些神经胶质细胞类型增殖、存活、分化和髓鞘形成关键机制的宝贵工具。在本章中，我们描述了从啮齿动物周围神经中分离和纯化施万细胞的步骤，以及利用这些培养物在体外模拟髓鞘形成的方法。
