Lee Vivian, Rutherford M D
Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Canada; Offord Centre for Child Studies, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Canada.
Infant Behav Dev. 2018 Aug;52:114-120. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2018.07.001. Epub 2018 Jul 11.
Observational learning is important to development, but not all adult models are equally informative and accurate. Selectivity is important in observational learning. Past research studies have not always differentiated competence and confidence, so the current study investigated infants' selective imitation after observing third-party interactions, when confidence and competence were varied independently. Forty-eight 16-month-olds watched a model demonstrate the function of tools while displaying high or low levels of confidence and competence. Infants were significantly more likely to imitate individuals who were competent and were influenced less by their confidence level. Infants were more likely to reach for and use the working tool if the model was competent in her tool choice, but infant behavior was less affected by differences in confidence. Results suggest that by 16-months of age infants are sensitive to the competence of a demonstrator, suggesting a bias in social learning towards more valuable information.
观察学习对发展很重要，但并非所有成年榜样都同样具有信息价值且准确无误。选择性在观察学习中很重要。过去的研究并不总是区分能力和自信，因此本研究调查了婴儿在观察第三方互动后（此时能力和自信是独立变化的）的选择性模仿情况。48名16个月大的婴儿观看了一名榜样展示工具的功能，该榜样表现出高或低水平的能力和自信。婴儿明显更有可能模仿有能力的个体，且受其自信水平的影响较小。如果榜样在工具选择上有能力，婴儿更有可能伸手去拿并使用有效的工具，但婴儿的行为受自信差异的影响较小。结果表明，到16个月大时，婴儿对示范者的能力很敏感，这表明社会学习偏向于更有价值的信息。
