Bhoyroo Ranila, Hands Beth, Wilmut Kate, Hyde Christian, Wigley Adam
Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Perth, Australia.
Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Perth, Australia.
Hum Mov Sci. 2018 Oct;61:42-51. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.07.006. Epub 2018 Jul 12.
Several studies suggest that children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) may be able to plan simple movements as well as their peers, but experience increasing difficulties as the movements become complex. The present study aimed to clarify the nature of motor planning in DCD, including a putative deficit, by being the first to investigate motor planning using converging measures of simple and complex motor planning in a single sample of children with DCD. Boys aged between 8 and 12 years with (n = 10) and without DCD (n = 17) completed three commonly used 'simple' (bar grasping, sword, and bar transport tasks) measures and one 'complex' (octagon task) measure of end-state-comfort (ESC), a classic measurement of motor planning ability. To achieve ESC when manipulating an object, a person may choose to start with an uncomfortable grip in order to end the movement in a comfortable position. Results indicate that the participants with DCD planned for ESC as efficiently as their peers when performing the 'simple' measures of ESC but were significantly less likely to end their performances in ESC than those without DCD for the more 'complex' octagon task. Taken together, our data suggest that school-aged children with DCD may be able to plan simple movements as efficiently as their peers, but have more difficulty doing so for multi-movement or complex sequences. Based on the assumption that the efficiency of such motor planning is dependent on the integrity of internal modelling systems, we argue that our study provides indirect support for the internal modelling deficit hypothesis.
多项研究表明，患有发育性协调障碍（DCD）的儿童在计划简单动作时可能与同龄人表现相当，但随着动作变得复杂，他们会遇到越来越多的困难。本研究旨在通过率先在单一患有DCD的儿童样本中使用简单和复杂运动计划的聚合测量方法来研究运动计划，从而阐明DCD中运动计划的本质，包括一种假定的缺陷。8至12岁患有DCD（n = 10）和未患DCD（n = 17）的男孩完成了三项常用的“简单”（抓杆、剑和杆运输任务）测量以及一项“复杂”（八边形任务）的最终状态舒适度（ESC）测量，ESC是运动计划能力的经典测量方法。为了在操纵物体时达到ESC，一个人可能会选择以不舒服的抓握开始，以便在舒适的位置结束动作。结果表明，患有DCD的参与者在执行ESC的“简单”测量时，计划ESC的效率与同龄人一样高，但在更“复杂”的八边形任务中，与未患DCD的参与者相比，他们在ESC中结束表现的可能性要小得多。综上所述，我们的数据表明，患有DCD的学龄儿童在计划简单动作时可能与同龄人一样高效，但在进行多动作或复杂序列时则更困难。基于这种运动计划效率取决于内部建模系统完整性的假设，我们认为我们的研究为内部建模缺陷假说提供了间接支持。
