Rohan A, Domagała Z, Abu Faraj S, Korykowska A, Klekowski J, Pospiech N, Wozniak S, Gworys B
Division of Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Clinical and Dissecting Anatomy Students Scientific Club, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2019;78(1):71-78. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2018.0052. Epub 2018 Jul 16.
The objective of the study is to evaluate the popliteal artery topography and the origin variability of its branches in human foetuses at the gestational age of from 4 to 9 months. The basis for the analysis are direct observations of classic anatomic dissections of the popliteal fossa. Possible dimorphic and bilateral differen- ces, as well as the gestational age variability at the foetal period, were considered. A typology of popliteal artery branches will be made on the basis of the studies.
The research material of this study comprises 231 foetuses (including 116 males and 115 females). The foetuses were divided into five 28-day age classes. The vessels of the lower extremity were injected with LBSK 5545 latex through the femoral artery. The bilateral dissection of the po- pliteal artery along with its branches was performed. No visible malformations were found in the research material, and the foetuses came from spontaneous abortions and premature births.
Ten per cent of the cases featured the variations of popliteal artery terminal branches. Three most commonly seen variations are the trifurcation, anterior tibial-peroneal trunk, and high terminal division of the po- pliteal artery. The most common course of the superior muscular branches is that there are two large branches which are distributed from the popliteal artery at the height of the knee joint cavity and they do not distribute cutaneous branches. Sural branches are also present as two large vessels without cutaneous branches. The genicular anastomosis branches that run on their own are a typical topographic system of these branches.
本研究的目的是评估孕龄4至9个月的人类胎儿腘动脉的形态及其分支的起源变异性。分析的依据是对腘窝经典解剖的直接观察。考虑了可能的二态性和双侧差异，以及胎儿期的孕龄变异性。将在这些研究的基础上对腘动脉分支进行分类。
本研究的研究材料包括231例胎儿（其中男性116例，女性115例）。将胎儿分为五个28天的年龄组。通过股动脉向下肢血管注射LBSK 5545乳胶。对腘动脉及其分支进行双侧解剖。研究材料中未发现明显畸形，这些胎儿均来自自然流产和早产。
10%的病例存在腘动脉终末分支变异。三种最常见的变异是三叉分支、胫前-腓总干和腘动脉高位终末分支。上肌支最常见的走行是有两个大分支，在膝关节腔高度从腘动脉发出，且不发出皮支。腓肠支也为两条大血管，不发出皮支。独立走行的膝部吻合支是这些分支典型的形态学系统。
