探索高功能自闭症谱系障碍儿童中公平性与“大脑类型”之间的关系。

Exploring the relationship between fairness and 'brain types' in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder.

机构信息

The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China; The Fourth People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province 225300, China.

The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China.

出版信息

Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2019 Jan 10;88:151-158. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.07.008. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

DOI:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.07.008

PMID:30009870

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Existing research typically focuses on only one domain of cognition with regard to fairness-theory of mind or executive function. However, children with High-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD) are cognitively impaired in both domains. Moreover, little is known about fairness characteristics in children with HF-ASD in relation to both domains of cognition.

METHODS

Thirty children with HF-ASD as well as 39 children with typical development (TD) were evaluated in this study. We investigated the development of children's fairness characteristics as a responder in a mini ultimatum game (UG). The different 'brain types,' i.e., with or without HF-ASD, were evaluated using the Empathy Questionnaire-Systemizing Questionnaire (E/SC-Q). Furthermore, we explored the relationship between fairness and brain types using Pearson correlation analyses.

RESULTS

Children in the HF-ASD group were more likely to accept unfair offers than were children in the TD group (χ = 17.513, p = .025). In the HF-ASD group, the acceptance rate of unfair offers was correlated with the discrepancy score (r = 0.363, p = .048), while there were no significant correlations in the TD group. In HF-ASD group, compared with Type S, acceptance rate of unfair offer was significant higher in Extreme Type S 'brain type' (F = 28.584, p < .001). While dividing TD participants by 'brain type', there was no significant difference in acceptance rate of unfair offer among five difference 'brain types' (F = 1.131, p = .358). Stepwise regression revealed that Extreme Type S positively predicted acceptance of unfair offers (F [1, 68] = 8.695, p < .001).

DISCUSSION

Our findings show that children with HF-ASD were more likely to accept an unfair offer; in particular, the more unbalanced the development of empathy and systemizing was, the more significant the unfairness preference observed. Extreme Type S positively predicted the acceptance of unfair offers by children with HF-ASD.

REGISTRATION OF CLINICAL TRIALS

World Health Organization class I registered international clinical trial platform, ChiCTR-ROC-17012877.

摘要

背景

现有研究通常仅关注公平理论中的一个认知领域，即心理理论或执行功能。然而，高功能自闭症谱系障碍（HF-ASD）患儿在这两个领域都存在认知障碍。此外，对于 HF-ASD 患儿在这两个认知领域的公平特征，我们知之甚少。

方法

本研究共纳入 30 名 HF-ASD 患儿和 39 名典型发育（TD）儿童。我们通过迷你最后通牒博弈（UG）评估了儿童作为应答者的公平特征的发展。使用共情问卷-系统定向问卷（E/SC-Q）评估了不同的“大脑类型”，即有无 HF-ASD。此外，我们还使用皮尔逊相关分析探索了公平与大脑类型之间的关系。

结果

HF-ASD 组的儿童比 TD 组的儿童更有可能接受不公平的提议（χ²=17.513，p=0.025）。在 HF-ASD 组中，不公平提议的接受率与差异得分呈正相关（r=0.363，p=0.048），而 TD 组则没有显著相关性。在 HF-ASD 组中，与 S 型相比，极端 S 型“大脑类型”的不公平提议接受率显著更高（F=28.584，p<0.001）。在将 TD 参与者按“大脑类型”分组时，五种不同“大脑类型”之间的不公平提议接受率没有显著差异（F=1.131，p=0.358）。逐步回归显示，极端 S 型正向预测不公平提议的接受（F[1,68]=8.695，p<0.001）。