Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
Department of Psychology and Cellular and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK.
J Nutr. 2018 Sep 1;148(9):1462-1471. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy113.
Iron deficiency remains the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency globally, but few studies have examined how iron status relates to cognition in adolescents. Iron biofortification of staple food crops is being scaled up, yet it is unknown whether consuming biofortified crops can benefit cognition.
Our objective was to determine the efficacy of iron-biofortified pearl millet in improving attention and memory in Indian school-going adolescents.
A double-blind, randomized, intervention study was conducted in 140 Indian boys and girls, aged 12-16 y, who were assigned to consume iron-biofortified [Fe = 86 parts per million (ppm)] or conventional (Fe = 21-52 ppm) pearl millet. Hemoglobin, ferritin, and transferrin receptor (TfR) were measured and body iron (BI) was calculated at baseline and after 4 and 6 mo. Five measures of cognitive function were obtained at baseline and 6 mo: simple reaction time (SRT), Go/No-Go (GNG) task, Attentional Network Task (ANT), Composite Face Effect (CFE) task, and Cued Recognition Task (CRT). Intention-to-treat analysis was used.
Daily iron intake from pearl millet was higher in those consuming biofortified compared with conventional pearl millet (19.6 compared with 4.8 mg/d). Effects on ferritin, TfR, and BI at 4 mo, and on TfR at 6 mo (all P < 0.05), indicated efficacy of biofortified pearl millet over conventional pearl millet in improving iron status. Compared with conventional pearl millet, the consumption of biofortified pearl millet resulted in greater improvement in attention (SRT, GNG, and ANT) and memory (CFE and CRT). Reaction time decreased twice as much from 0 to 6 mo in those consuming biofortified compared with conventional pearl millet on attention tasks (SRT: -123 compared with -63 ms; GNG: -67 compared with -30 ms; ANT double cue: -74 compared with -32 ms; all P < 0.01).
Consuming iron-biofortified pearl millet improves iron status and some measures of cognitive performance in Indian adolescents. This trial was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02152150.
铁缺乏仍是全球最普遍的微量营养素缺乏症，但很少有研究探讨铁营养状况与青少年认知能力之间的关系。主食作物的铁强化工程正在扩大规模，但食用铁强化作物是否能改善认知能力尚不清楚。
我们的目的是确定铁强化珍珠 millet 对改善印度在校青少年注意力和记忆力的效果。
在 140 名年龄在 12-16 岁的印度男童和女童中进行了一项双盲、随机、干预研究，他们被分配食用铁强化（Fe=86 百万分率（ppm））或常规（Fe=21-52 ppm）珍珠 millet。在基线和 4 个月及 6 个月时测量血红蛋白、铁蛋白和转铁蛋白受体（TfR），并计算体铁（BI）。在基线和 6 个月时获得 5 项认知功能测量：简单反应时间（SRT）、Go/No-Go（GNG）任务、注意网络任务（ANT）、复合面孔效应（CFE）任务和提示识别任务（CRT）。采用意向治疗分析。
与常规珍珠 millet 相比，食用铁强化珍珠 millet 的人每天从珍珠 millet 中摄入的铁更多（19.6 毫克与 4.8 毫克/天）。4 个月时铁蛋白、TfR 和 BI 的变化，以及 6 个月时 TfR 的变化（均 P<0.05）表明，与常规珍珠 millet 相比，铁强化珍珠 millet 能更有效地改善铁营养状况。与常规珍珠 millet 相比，食用铁强化珍珠 millet 可使注意力（SRT、GNG 和 ANT）和记忆力（CFE 和 CRT）得到更大改善。与常规珍珠 millet 相比，在注意力任务上，食用铁强化珍珠 millet 的人在 0 到 6 个月期间的反应时间减少了两倍（SRT：-123 毫秒与-63 毫秒；GNG：-67 毫秒与-30 毫秒；ANT 双线索：-74 毫秒与-32 毫秒；均 P<0.01）。
食用铁强化珍珠 millet 可改善印度青少年的铁营养状况和一些认知功能测试结果。本试验在 http://www.clinicaltrials.gov 注册，编号为 NCT02152150。
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