Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, CS80011, Bd Pierre Dramard, Marseille Cedex 15, 13344, France.
Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50122, Firenze, Italy; Laboratory of Archaeoanthropology, SABAP-FI, Scandicci, Firenze, Italy.
J Hum Evol. 2018 Oct;123:96-108. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.06.009. Epub 2018 Jul 17.
Dental fractures can be produced during life or post-mortem. Ante-mortem chipping may be indicative of different uses of the dentition in masticatory and non-masticatory activities related to variable diets and behaviors. The Krapina collection (Croatia, 130,000 years BP), thanks to the large number of teeth (293 teeth and tooth fragments) within it, offers an excellent sample to investigate dental fractures systematically. Recorded were the distribution, position and severity of the ante-mortem fractures according to standardized methods. High frequencies of teeth with chipping in both Krapina adults and subadults suggest that the permanent and deciduous dentition were heavily subjected to mechanical stress. This is particularly evident when the frequencies of chipping are compared with those in modern humans (Upper Paleolithic and historic samples) that we analysed using the same methods. The distribution of chipping in the Krapina sample (anterior teeth are more affected) and its position (labial) suggest a systematic use of the anterior teeth for non-masticatory tasks.
牙齿骨折可发生于生前或死后。生前的碎裂可能表明牙齿在与不同饮食和行为相关的咀嚼和非咀嚼活动中有不同的用途。克拉皮纳收藏（克罗地亚，130000 年前），由于其中大量的牙齿（293 颗牙齿和牙齿碎片），为系统地研究牙齿骨折提供了极好的样本。根据标准化方法记录了生前骨折的分布、位置和严重程度。克拉皮纳成年人和未成年个体中牙齿碎裂的高频率表明，恒齿和乳牙都受到了严重的机械压力。当我们用相同的方法比较克拉皮纳样本和现代人类（旧石器时代晚期和历史样本）的碎裂频率时，这一点尤为明显。克拉皮纳样本中碎裂的分布（前牙受影响更严重）及其位置（唇侧）表明，前牙被系统地用于非咀嚼任务。
