尼日利亚西南部老年人自评健康影响因素评估

Assessment of factors affecting self-rated health among elderly people in Southwest Nigeria.

作者信息

Ogunyemi Adedoyin O, Olatona Foluke A, Odeyemi Kofoworola A

机构信息

Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

出版信息

Niger Postgrad Med J. 2018 Apr-Jun;25(2):73-78. doi: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_14_18.

DOI:10.4103/npmj.npmj_14_18

PMID:30027917

Abstract

CONTEXT

Self-rated health (SRH) is a subjective measure of health considered valid to predict mortality among the elderly. With the rapid increase of older people living in Nigeria and the lack of adequate social security, it is important to identify factors affecting their SRH. Social support has also taken on added importance among the elderly in view of scarce resources.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the level of satisfaction with the forms of social support received by the elderly and the factors associated with their SRH.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN

The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study design among the elderly in Southwest Nigeria.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 360 elderly respondents for the study. A standardised questionnaire, Short Form Health Survey-36 was interviewer administered. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Significant associations between categorical variables were evaluated using Chi-square (χ) test. Multiple regression test and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were employed to assess the relationship of the various predictors of SRH. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

RESULTS

The mean age of the 360 elderly respondents was 73 ± 9.3 years, 60.3% were female and 43.9% were widowed. Almost all (91.9%) the respondents received emotional while domestic support was the least in 50.3%. About 30.0% of the elderly self-rated their health as poor. The predictors of good SRH after multiple logistic regression included being married (OR = 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-3.33, P = 0.04); engagement in work (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.11-4.63, P = 0.02); the absence of morbid conditions (OR = 12.6, 95% CI: 2.86-55.4, P = 0.001) and higher levels of education (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19-0.91, P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS

About one-third of the elderly had poor SRH. Targeted interventions such as creating employment fit for the elderly and improving healthcare access is recommended.

摘要

背景

自评健康状况（SRH）是一种主观的健康衡量指标，被认为可有效预测老年人的死亡率。随着尼日利亚老年人口的迅速增加以及社会保障的不足，识别影响他们自评健康状况的因素非常重要。鉴于资源稀缺，社会支持在老年人中也变得更加重要。

目的

确定老年人对所获得的社会支持形式的满意度水平以及与他们自评健康状况相关的因素。

设置与设计

该研究是对尼日利亚西南部老年人进行的描述性横断面研究设计。

研究对象与方法

采用多阶段抽样技术选取360名老年受访者进行研究。由访员管理一份标准化问卷，即健康调查简表-36。使用社会科学统计软件包第20版对数据进行分析。使用卡方（χ）检验评估分类变量之间的显著关联。采用多元回归检验和调整后的优势比（OR）来评估自评健康状况的各种预测因素之间的关系。显著性水平设定为P < 0.05。

结果

360名老年受访者的平均年龄为73 ± 9.3岁，60.3%为女性，43.9%为丧偶。几乎所有（91.9%）受访者都获得了情感支持，而家庭支持最少，占50.3%。约30.0%的老年人将自己的健康自评为较差。多元逻辑回归后，良好自评健康状况的预测因素包括已婚（OR = 1.84，95%置信区间[CI]：1.01 - 3.33，P = 0.04）；从事工作（OR = 2.27，95% CI：1.11 - 4.63，P = 0.02）；没有疾病（OR = 12.6，95% CI：2.86 - 55.4，P = 0.