Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
Environ Microbiol Rep. 2018 Dec;10(6):611-625. doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.12680. Epub 2018 Aug 20.
Microorganisms dominate terrestrial environments in the polar regions and Arctic soils are known to harbour significant microbial diversity, far more diverse and numerous in the region than was once thought. Furthermore, the geographic distribution and structure of Arctic microbial communities remains elusive, despite their important roles in both biogeochemical cycling and in the generation and decomposition of climate active gases. Critically, Arctic soils are estimated to store over 1500 Pg of carbon and, thus, have the potential to generate positive feedback within the climate system. As the Arctic region is currently undergoing rapid change, the likelihood of faster release of greenhouse gases such as CO , CH and N O is increasing. Understanding the microbial communities in the region, in terms of their diversity, abundance and functional activity, is key to producing accurate models of greenhouse gas release. This review brings together existing data to determine what we know about microbial diversity and biogeography in Arctic soils.
微生物在极地环境中占据主导地位，已知北极土壤中蕴藏着丰富的微生物多样性，其多样性和丰富度远远超过人们之前的认知。此外，尽管北极微生物群落对生物地球化学循环以及气候活性气体的产生和分解起着重要作用，但它们在地理分布和结构上仍难以捉摸。至关重要的是，据估计，北极土壤储存了超过 15000 亿公吨的碳，因此有可能在气候系统内产生积极的反馈。由于北极地区目前正在经历快速变化，温室气体如 CO2、CH4和 N2O 更快释放的可能性正在增加。了解该地区微生物群落的多样性、丰度和功能活性，是准确预测温室气体释放模型的关键。本综述综合了现有数据，以确定我们对北极土壤中微生物多样性和生物地理学的了解。
