Long Brit, Koyfman Alex
Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3841 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2018 Aug;36(3):609-630. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2018.04.009. Epub 2018 Jun 12.
Anemia is a common condition and is diagnosed on laboratory assessment. It is defined by abnormally low hemoglobin concentration or decreased red blood cells. Several classification systems exist. Laboratory markers provide important information. Acute anemia presents with symptoms owing to acute blood loss; chronic anemia may present with worsening fatigue, dyspnea, lightheadedness, or chest pain. Specific treatments depend on the underlying anemia and etiology. Iron is an alternative treatment for patients with microcytic anemia owing to iron deficiency. Hyperbaric oxygen is an option for alternative rescue therapy. Most patients with chronic anemia may be discharged with follow-up if hemodynamically stable.
贫血是一种常见病症，通过实验室评估进行诊断。它由血红蛋白浓度异常降低或红细胞减少来定义。存在多种分类系统。实验室指标提供重要信息。急性贫血因急性失血而出现症状；慢性贫血可能表现为疲劳加重、呼吸困难、头晕或胸痛。具体治疗取决于潜在的贫血类型和病因。铁剂是缺铁性小细胞贫血患者的替代治疗方法。高压氧是一种替代抢救治疗选择。大多数慢性贫血患者如果血流动力学稳定，可在随访的情况下出院。
