Godde K
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of La Verne, La Verne, 1950 Third St, CA 91750, USA.
Homo. 2018 Jul;69(4):147-157. doi: 10.1016/j.jchb.2018.07.002. Epub 2018 Jul 25.
The process of the peopling of the Nile Valley likely shaped the population structure and early biological similarity of Egyptians and Nubians. As others have noted, affinity among Nilotic populations was due to an aggregation of events, including environmental, linguistic, and sociopolitical changes over a great deal of time. This study seeks to evaluate the relationships of Nubian and Egyptian groups in the context of the original peopling event. Cranial nonmetric traits from 18 Nubian and Egyptian samples, spanning Lower Egypt to Lower Nubia and approximately 7400 years, were analyzed using Mahalanobis D as a measure of biological distance. A principal coordinates analysis and spatial-temporal model were applied to these data. The results reveal temporal and spatial patterning consistent with documented events in Egyptian and Nubian population history. Moreover, the Mesolithic Nubian sample clustered with later Nubian and Egyptian samples, indicating that events prior to the Mesolithic were important in shaping the later genetic patterning of the Nubian population. Later contact through the establishment of the Egyptian fort at Buhen, Kerma's position as a strategic trade center along the Nile, and Egyptian colonization at Tombos maintained genetic similarity among the populations.
尼罗河流域的人口迁移过程可能塑造了埃及人和努比亚人的人口结构以及早期的生物相似性。正如其他人所指出的，尼罗河流域人群之间的亲缘关系是由于一系列事件的综合作用，包括长时间内环境、语言和社会政治的变化。本研究旨在评估在最初的人口迁移事件背景下努比亚人和埃及人群体之间的关系。使用马氏距离（Mahalanobis D）作为生物距离的度量，对来自18个努比亚和埃及样本的颅骨非度量性状进行了分析，这些样本涵盖了下埃及到下努比亚地区，时间跨度约为7400年。对这些数据应用了主坐标分析和时空模型。结果揭示了与埃及和努比亚人口历史中记载事件一致的时间和空间模式。此外，中石器时代的努比亚样本与后来的努比亚和埃及样本聚类在一起，这表明中石器时代之前的事件对于塑造努比亚人口后来的基因模式很重要。后来通过在布亨建立埃及堡垒、凯尔玛作为尼罗河畔战略贸易中心的地位以及埃及在通布索的殖民统治所产生的接触，维持了各群体之间的基因相似性。
