von Arx Thomas, Nakashima Marc J., Lozanoff Scott
Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, USA
Swiss Dent J. 2018 Sep 10;128(9):678-688. doi: 10.61872/sdj-2018-09-442.
The individual appearance and facial expression are based on the musculoskeletal system of the face. The bones of the face contribute to the anterior portion of the skull. This region is also referred to as the facial skeleton or viscerocranium. The muscles of the face include all mimetic muscles innervated by the cranial nerve VII (facial nerve). Two masticatory muscles (masseter, temporalis) that are supplied by the motoric portion of the cranial nerve V3 (mandibular nerve) also contribute to the contour of the face. The mimetic muscles (also known as facial muscles or skin muscles) generally originate from underlying bone surfaces and insert to the skin of the face or intermingle with other facial muscles. This complex musculature contributes to the functioning of the orofacial sense organs and the mediation of emotional and affective states (facial expression). Other soft tissue components of the face include the fasciae and fat compartments. The face commonly exhibits a superficial and a deep fascia, and various facial fat compartments are present.
个体的外貌和面部表情基于面部的肌肉骨骼系统。面部骨骼构成颅骨的前部。该区域也被称为面骨或脏颅。面部肌肉包括所有由颅神经VII(面神经)支配的表情肌。由颅神经V3(下颌神经)的运动部分供应的两块咀嚼肌(咬肌、颞肌)也对面部轮廓有影响。表情肌(也称为面部肌肉或皮肌)通常起源于下方的骨表面,插入面部皮肤或与其他面部肌肉交织。这种复杂的肌肉组织有助于口面部感觉器官的功能以及情绪和情感状态的调节(面部表情)。面部的其他软组织成分包括筋膜和脂肪隔。面部通常有一层浅筋膜和一层深筋膜,并且存在各种面部脂肪隔。