Effect of aldosterone on vascular angiotensin II receptors in the rat.

The effect of aldosterone on the density and affinity of binding sites for 125I-labelled angiotensin II was investigated in a particulate fraction prepared from the rat mesenteric arteriolar arcades. The infusion of aldosterone 6.6 micrograms/h intraperitoneally via Alzet osmotic minipumps for 6 d produced an increase in the density of binding sites for 125I-labelled angiotensin II without change in affinity. After sodium depletion, mesenteric artery angiotensin II receptors were down-regulated as expected. An increase in the number of binding sites could be found when aldosterone was infused into sodium-depleted rats with no change in the elevated plasma renin activity. The intraperitoneal infusion of angiotensin II (200 ng X kg-1 X min-1 for 6 d) simultaneously with aldosterone resulted in down-regulation of vascular angiotensin II receptors, whereas after intravenous angiotensin II infusion (at 60 ng X kg-1 X min-1) the density of angiotensin II binding sites rose with aldosterone infusion. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was reduced and plasma angiotensin II increased in a dose-dependent fashion after angiotensin II infusion. An aldosterone concentration of 3 ng/mL for 18 h produced an increase in the number of angiotensin II binding sites in rat mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells in culture. We conclude that increased plasma aldosterone may result in up-regulation of vascular angiotensin II receptors independently of changes in plasma renin activity, and may in certain physiological states effectively antagonize the down-regulating action of angiotensin II.