Allen Cheryl A, Ivester Julius R
J Perianesth Nurs. 2018 Aug;33(4):389-398. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2016.12.009. Epub 2017 Jun 10.
Ketamine, an anesthetic agent, is gaining attention as an analgesic for the management of acute and chronic pain conditions. Perianesthesia nurses may expect to see ketamine's use increase as more anecdotal and evidence-based experience is gained with its use for pain management. Unlike opioids, ketamine supports respirations while supporting hemodynamic function; moreover, the agent has potential for decreasing opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Ongoing clinical evidence continues to support ketamine's use for analgesia, thus it may be argued that the current Food and Drug Administration classification for ketamine as an anesthetic agent is outdated, and patients would be better served by a reclassification of this medication to include its use for analgesic purposes. This continuing education article provides an overview of ketamine, its side effects, and the possible adverse reactions so perianesthesia nurses may be prepared to care for postsurgical patients who receive ketamine for analgesic purposes.
氯胺酮是一种麻醉剂，作为治疗急慢性疼痛的镇痛药正受到关注。随着氯胺酮用于疼痛管理的轶事性和循证经验增多，围麻醉期护士可能会看到其使用增加。与阿片类药物不同，氯胺酮在支持血流动力学功能的同时还能维持呼吸；此外，该药物有降低阿片类药物诱导的痛觉过敏的潜力。持续的临床证据继续支持氯胺酮用于镇痛，因此可以认为美国食品药品监督管理局目前将氯胺酮归类为麻醉剂已经过时，将这种药物重新分类以包括其用于镇痛目的，会让患者得到更好的治疗。这篇继续教育文章概述了氯胺酮、其副作用和可能的不良反应，以便围麻醉期护士能够为接受氯胺酮镇痛治疗的术后患者做好护理准备。
