Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2018 Sep;62:203-209. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.07.011. Epub 2018 Jul 26.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of the fipronil and its metabolites, fipronil sulfone and fipronil desulfinyl on Folsomia candida. Three types of soils were used to perform the ecotoxicological tests, two natural soils (Oxisol and Entisol), and an artificial substrate (Tropical Artificial Soil). The treatments consisted of increasing doses of a veterinary medicinal product with active ingredient based on fipronil, and of its two main metabolites, fipronil sulfone and fipronil desulfinyl. The doses of fipronil were 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, and 1.00 mg kg of the active ingredient. For fipronil sulfone and fipronil desulfinyl the doses tested were: 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, 1.00, and 5.00 mg kg. The effects of toxicity on F. candida were evaluated by survival and reproduction tests, based on the methods described by ISO 11267. There was a completely randomized design, with six replicates for the fipronil tests and eight for the metabolites. We show that fipronil and its metabolites, even at very low concentrations, are toxic to F. candida. Reduction of reproduction can be observed at concentrations of 0.15 mg kg. There was little difference in toxicity (LC and EC) between fipronil and its metabolites. Rather, differences were related more to soil type, where the artificial soil was more sensitive than the two natural soils (Oxisol and Entisol). We conclude that it is important to perform ecotoxicological tests in natural soils, in order to generate more realistic representations of veterinary drug toxicity on the environment.
本研究旨在评估氟虫腈及其代谢物氟虫腈砜和氟虫腈去磺酰基在 Folsomia candida 中的毒性。使用三种类型的土壤进行生态毒理学测试，两种天然土壤（Oxisol 和 Entisol）和一种人工基质（热带人工土壤）。处理包括增加含有氟虫腈作为活性成分的兽用药物及其两种主要代谢物氟虫腈砜和氟虫腈去磺酰基的剂量。氟虫腈的剂量为 0.00、0.02、0.04、0.08、0.15、0.30、0.60 和 1.00 mg/kg 活性成分。对于氟虫腈砜和氟虫腈去磺酰基，测试的剂量为：0.00、0.01、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.15、0.30、0.60、1.00 和 5.00 mg/kg。根据 ISO 11267 描述的方法，通过生存和繁殖试验评估氟虫腈及其代谢物对 F. candida 的毒性影响。采用完全随机设计，氟虫腈试验设 6 个重复，代谢物试验设 8 个重复。我们表明，氟虫腈及其代谢物即使在非常低的浓度下，对 F. candida 也具有毒性。在 0.15 mg/kg 的浓度下即可观察到繁殖减少。氟虫腈与其代谢物的毒性（LC 和 EC）差异不大。相反，差异更多地与土壤类型有关，人工土壤比两种天然土壤（Oxisol 和 Entisol）更为敏感。我们得出结论，在天然土壤中进行生态毒理学测试很重要，以便更真实地反映兽医药物对环境的毒性。
