Advances in subperiosteal implant reconstruction.

Recent advances in subperiosteal implant surgery of the mandible and maxilla are described in terms of changes in implant design, use of particulate autogenous marrow cancellous bone in conjunction with subperiosteal implant to structurally rebuild marked deficient mandibles at the time the implant is placed, and the of computerized tomography to develop a three-dimensional model for the construction of implant framework, eliminating the direct bone impression surgery. The latter procedure has revolutionized the use of subperiosteal implants. These techniques are outlined, and areas of future research in use of implants in structurally deficient areas are described.