Voukia Christina, Voutsina Ismini, Venetsanou Fotini, Kambas Antonis
School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2018 Jun;26(2):144-148. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a5043.
The aim of the study is to examine the physical activity (PA) of young children and their parents on weekdays and at the weekend, as well as possible associations between them.
Fifty-eight children (29 boys), aged 5-8 years (mean age = 6.53 years) and the parent who spent more time with them (25 fathers, 33 mothers, mean age 40.67 years) wore Omron HJ-720IT pedometers for seven consecutive days. Two ANOVAs for repeated measures were applied to examine PA differences between genders and week phases (weekdays vs. weekend days) in children and parents. Moreover, one sample t-tests were used to compare participants' PA to the recommended PA, while linear regression analyses were utilized to examine whether parental PA in each week phase was associated with children's PA.
Children accumulated more steps on weekdays than at the weekend (F = 18.58, p < 0.001, η = 0.27), while boys presented higher PA than girls (F = 12.42, p = 0.001, η = 0.20), and accomplished the recommended daily PA, in contrast to girls. Mothers and fathers presented similar PA (p = 0.67, η = 0.004), with more steps on weekdays than at the weekend (F = 9.22, p = 0.004, η = 0.16). However, their PA was significantly lower than the recommended. Finally, there were no statistically significant associations between parents' and boys' ambulatory activity either on weekdays (p = 0.938) or at the weekend (p = 0.095). On the contrary, parents' PA explained 47% of girls' PA on weekdays (R = 0.68, F = 22.81, p < 0.001) and 23% at the weekend (R = 0.48, F = 6.40, p = 0.02) Conclusions: Boys appear to be more physically active than girls in Greece, whereas mothers and fathers present similar ambulatory activity. Moreover, parents' PA is related to that of their daughters and not to that of their sons. Taking into account that both girls and parents did not meet PA recommendations, family-based interventions are needed for both children and parents benefit.
本研究旨在调查幼儿及其父母在工作日和周末的身体活动情况，以及他们之间可能存在的关联。
58名5至8岁（平均年龄 = 6.53岁）的儿童（29名男孩）及其与之相处时间更长的父母（25名父亲，33名母亲，平均年龄40.67岁）连续七天佩戴欧姆龙HJ - 720IT计步器。应用两个重复测量方差分析来检验儿童和父母在性别和周阶段（工作日与周末）之间的身体活动差异。此外，使用单样本t检验将参与者的身体活动与推荐的身体活动进行比较，同时利用线性回归分析来检验每个周阶段父母的身体活动是否与儿童的身体活动相关。
儿童在工作日比周末积累的步数更多（F = 18.58，p < 0.001，η = 0.27），而男孩的身体活动水平高于女孩（F = 12.42，p = 0.001，η = 0.20），并且与女孩相反，男孩达到了推荐的每日身体活动量。母亲和父亲的身体活动水平相似（p = 0.67，η = 0.004），在工作日比周末走的步数更多（F = 9.22，p = 0.004，η = 0.16）。然而，他们的身体活动水平明显低于推荐水平。最后，无论是在工作日（p = 0.938）还是在周末（p = 0.095），父母与男孩的步行活动之间均无统计学上的显著关联。相反，父母的身体活动在工作日解释了女孩身体活动的47%（R = 0.68，F = 22.81，p < 0.001），在周末解释了23%（R = 0.48，F = 6.40，p = 0.02）。结论：在希腊，男孩似乎比女孩身体更活跃，而母亲和父亲的步行活动水平相似。此外，父母的身体活动与女儿的相关，而与儿子的无关。考虑到女孩和父母都未达到身体活动推荐量，需要开展基于家庭的干预措施，以使儿童和父母都受益。
