School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
J Adv Nurs. 2019 Jan;75(1):30-42. doi: 10.1111/jan.13818. Epub 2018 Sep 11.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of needle fear and summarize the characteristics of individuals who exhibit this fear.
Injections are among the most common medical procedures, yet fear of needles can result in avoidance of preventive measures and treatment.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
MEDLINE (1966-2017), Embase (1947-2017), PsycINFO (1967-2017), and CINAHL (1961-2017) were searched, with no restrictions by age, gender, race, language, or country.
The prevalence of needle fear was calculated and restricted maximum likelihood random effects models were used for meta-analysis and meta-regression.
The search yielded 119 original research articles which are included in this review, of which 35 contained sufficient information for meta-analysis. The majority of children exhibited needle fear, while prevalence estimates for needle fear ranged from 20-50% in adolescents and 20-30% in young adults. In general, needle fear decreased with increasing age. Both needle fear and needle phobia were more prevalent in females than males. Avoidance of influenza vaccination because of needle fear occurred in 16% of adult patients, 27% of hospital employees, 18% of workers at long-term care facilities, and 8% of healthcare workers at hospitals. Needle fear was common when undergoing venipuncture, blood donation, and in those with chronic conditions requiring injection.
Fear of needles is common in patients requiring preventive care and in those undergoing treatment. Greater attention should be directed to interventions which alleviate fear in high-risk groups.
本研究旨在评估针恐惧的流行程度，并总结出现这种恐惧的个体的特征。
注射是最常见的医疗程序之一，但对针的恐惧可能导致人们避免预防措施和治疗。
系统评价和荟萃分析。
MEDLINE（1966-2017 年）、Embase（1947-2017 年）、PsycINFO（1967-2017 年）和 CINAHL（1961-2017 年）进行了检索，对年龄、性别、种族、语言或国家没有限制。
计算了针恐惧的流行率，并使用限制最大似然随机效应模型进行荟萃分析和荟萃回归。
搜索结果产生了 119 篇原始研究文章，其中 35 篇包含了进行荟萃分析的足够信息。大多数儿童表现出针恐惧，而青少年的针恐惧流行率估计范围为 20-50%，年轻成年人的针恐惧流行率估计范围为 20-30%。一般来说，针恐惧随着年龄的增长而降低。女性的针恐惧和针恐惧症的患病率均高于男性。由于针恐惧而避免接种流感疫苗的情况在成年患者中发生 16%，在医院员工中发生 27%，在长期护理设施工作人员中发生 18%，在医院医护人员中发生 8%。在静脉穿刺、献血以及患有需要注射治疗的慢性疾病的患者中，针恐惧很常见。
需要预防保健和治疗的患者中普遍存在对针的恐惧。应该更加关注减轻高危人群恐惧的干预措施。
