Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
J Basic Microbiol. 2018 Nov;58(11):905-917. doi: 10.1002/jobm.201800204. Epub 2018 Aug 16.
Transposons are a group of mobile genetic elements that are defined as a DNA sequence. Transposons can jump into different places of the genome; for this reason, they are called jumping genes. However, some transposons are always kept at the insertion site in the genome. Most transposons are inactivated and as a result, cannot move. Transposons are divided into two main groups: retrotransposons (class І) and DNA transposons (class ІІ). Retrotransposons are often found in eukaryotes. DNA transposons can be found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The bacterial transposons belong to the DNA transposons and the Tn family, which are usually the carrier of additional genes for antibiotic resistance. Transposons can transfer from a plasmid to other plasmids or from a DNA chromosome to plasmid and vice versa that cause the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria. The treatment of bacterial infectious diseases is difficult because of existing antibiotic resistance that part of this antibiotic resistance is caused by transposons. Bacterial infectious diseases are responsible for the increasing rise in world mortality rate. In this review, transposons and their roles have been studied in bacterial antibiotic resistance, in detail.
转座子是一组可移动的遗传元件，其定义为一段 DNA 序列。转座子可以跳跃到基因组的不同位置；因此，它们被称为跳跃基因。然而，一些转座子总是保留在基因组的插入位点。大多数转座子失活，因此无法移动。转座子分为两大类：逆转录转座子（I 类）和 DNA 转座子（II 类）。逆转录转座子通常存在于真核生物中。DNA 转座子可以在真核生物和原核生物中找到。细菌转座子属于 DNA 转座子和 Tn 家族，它们通常是抗生素抗性等额外基因的载体。转座子可以从质粒转移到其他质粒，也可以从 DNA 染色体转移到质粒，反之亦然，这导致了细菌中抗生素抗性基因的传播。由于存在抗生素耐药性，细菌感染性疾病的治疗变得困难，而部分抗生素耐药性是由转座子引起的。细菌感染性疾病是导致世界死亡率上升的一个重要原因。在这篇综述中，详细研究了转座子及其在细菌抗生素耐药性中的作用。
