Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
Metrohealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Neurosurgery. 2019 Aug 1;85(2):E366-E373. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyy321.
Robert J. White is probably best known as the first neurosurgeon to perform successful "cephalic exchange" on monkeys in 1971. However, he was also a pioneer in the field of neurosurgery and contributed tremendously to the field of neuroanesthesia and bioethics. White received medical training at the University of Minnesota, Harvard University, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, and Mayo Clinic before becoming the first Chief of Neurosurgery at Metrohealth Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio. He made significant strides in the field of spinal cord cooling and hypothermia. White and his team was also the first to successfully isolate the monkey brain with retention of biological activity. In 2004 and 2006, White and colleagues were nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, with Harvey Cushing and Wilder Penfield being the only other 2 neurosurgeons ever to be nominated for the award. Aside from his career as a neurosurgeon, he was also an advisor to 2 popes and an advocate for animal research. By the end of his career, White performed over 10 000 brain operations and published over 1000 articles, which has pushed the frontiers of neurosurgical research.
罗伯特·J·怀特可能最为人所知的是，他在 1971 年首次成功地对猴子进行了“头颅交换”手术。然而，他也是神经外科学领域的先驱者，为神经麻醉学和生物伦理学领域做出了巨大贡献。怀特在明尼苏达大学、哈佛大学、彼得·本特·布赖恩医院和梅奥诊所接受了医学培训，之后成为俄亥俄州克利夫兰市梅特罗健康医院的第一位神经外科主任。他在脊髓冷却和低温领域取得了重大进展。怀特及其团队还率先成功地分离了保留生物活性的猴子大脑。2004 年和 2006 年，怀特和他的同事们获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖提名，而哈维·库欣和怀尔德·彭菲尔德是仅有的另外两位获得该奖项提名的神经外科医生。除了他的神经外科职业生涯外，他还是两位教皇的顾问，也是动物研究的倡导者。在职业生涯结束时，怀特进行了超过 10000 次脑部手术，并发表了 1000 多篇文章，推动了神经外科研究的前沿。
