Neurocognitive Development Unit, School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, UK.
Neurocognitive Development Unit, School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2018 Nov;34:92-100. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.03.002. Epub 2018 Mar 6.
Inhibition and switching are executive functions (EFs) that have different developmental trajectories across childhood. The development of specific processes unique to each EF may contribute to these trajectories. Interference suppression and reversal were examined in a large sample of children aged 7 and 9 years (n = 120) and followed-up after two-years to investigate developmental trajectories of inhibition and switching. The N2 and P3b components provided neural correlates of conflict monitoring and attentional processing of conflict involved in interference suppression and reversal. Interference suppression improved over time, however, switching performance did not significantly change between 7 and 11 years. Improvements in correct RT with age and time indicated increased efficiency of stimulus evaluation, response preparation and execution. N2 amplitude decreased with both age and time, indicating less reliance on conflict monitoring to signal cognitive control to manage stimulus and response conflict. P3b amplitude modulations indicated that different amounts of attention were allocated to updating mental representations of interference suppression and reversal task features. These data indicated different developmental trajectories of specific processes unique to inhibition and switching across the childhood period of 7-11 years, providing further empirical evidence that 7-11 years is a critical period for cognitive development.
抑制和转换是执行功能（EFs），它们在儿童期具有不同的发展轨迹。每个 EF 特有的特定过程的发展可能有助于这些轨迹。在一个由 7 岁和 9 岁儿童（n=120）组成的大样本中检查了干扰抑制和反转，并且在两年后进行了随访，以研究抑制和转换的发展轨迹。N2 和 P3b 成分提供了冲突监测和注意处理冲突的神经相关物，这些冲突涉及干扰抑制和反转。随着时间的推移，干扰抑制得到了改善，但是在 7 到 11 岁之间，转换性能没有明显变化。随着年龄和时间的正确 RT 改善表明刺激评估、反应准备和执行的效率提高。N2 振幅随年龄和时间的增加而降低，表明对冲突监测的依赖程度降低，以发出认知控制信号来管理刺激和反应冲突。P3b 幅度调制表明，在更新干扰抑制和反转任务特征的心理表征时，分配了不同数量的注意力。这些数据表明，在 7-11 岁儿童期，抑制和转换特有的特定过程具有不同的发展轨迹，为 7-11 岁是认知发展的关键时期提供了进一步的经验证据。
