Tzabari Masada, Lerner Amit, Iluz David, Haspel Carynelisa
Appl Opt. 2018 Jul 10;57(20):5806-5822. doi: 10.1364/AO.57.005806.
The influence of internal inhomogeneities within hydrosol particles on the polarization characteristics of light is investigated by combining an accurate coated sphere (core-shell) single-scattering model with a radiative transfer model that employs Stokes formalism and considers refraction of direct solar radiation at the air-water interface followed by single scattering. A Junge particle size distribution is assumed. Variations in what we call the "linear polarization phase function" (the degree of linear polarization as a function of scattering angle and the E-vector orientation as a function of scattering angle) are examined as a function of variations in the characteristics of the hydrosol particles. An extensive sensitivity study on the influence of variations in the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index of both the core and shell of the hydrosol particles and on the influences of variations in the ratio between the core radius and shell radius is conducted, varying the values of these parameters over the entire parameter space documented in the literature for actual hydrosol particles. In addition, calculations are conducted for specific parameter combinations in order to demonstrate the influence of some of the most important groups of hydrosols, namely, phytoplankton, gas bubbles, carbonaceous hydrosols, and mineral hydrosols, on the polarization field under water. Variations as a function of solar zenith angle are also investigated. Due to the assumption of single scattering, the results presented are relevant to conditions of low wind speed and a low scattering optical depth and/or low single-scattering albedo within the water body (clear to semi-turbid waters at shallow geometric depths and/or moderate to strong absorption within the water body) outside of Snell's window. Possible implications for aquatic animal polarization vision, for light polarization pollution, and for remote sensing are discussed.
通过将精确的涂层球体（核壳）单散射模型与辐射传输模型相结合，研究了水溶胶颗粒内部不均匀性对光偏振特性的影响。该辐射传输模型采用斯托克斯形式，考虑了太阳直接辐射在空气 - 水界面的折射，随后是单散射。假定采用容格粒径分布。研究了我们所谓的“线性偏振相位函数”（线性偏振度作为散射角的函数以及E矢量方向作为散射角的函数）随水溶胶颗粒特性变化的情况。对水溶胶颗粒核与壳的折射率实部和虚部变化的影响以及核半径与壳半径之比变化的影响进行了广泛的敏感性研究，在文献记录的实际水溶胶颗粒的整个参数空间内改变这些参数的值。此外，针对特定参数组合进行了计算，以证明一些最重要的水溶胶组，即浮游植物、气泡、碳质水溶胶和矿物水溶胶，对水下偏振场的影响。还研究了随太阳天顶角的变化情况。由于假定为单散射，所呈现的结果适用于水体中低风速、低散射光学深度和/或低单散射反照率的条件（在浅几何深度处为清澈至半浑浊水体，和/或水体内部有中等至强吸收），且不在斯涅尔窗口范围内。讨论了对水生动物偏振视觉、光偏振污染和遥感的可能影响。
