Olszewski Todd M
Health Policy and Management Department, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island, 02918.
J Hist Med Allied Sci. 2018 Oct 1;73(4):464-500. doi: 10.1093/jhmas/jry022.
After World War II, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) emerged as a major patron of biomedical research. In the succeeding decades, NIH administrators sought to determine how best to disseminate the findings of the research it supported and manage their relationship with clinicians in the national community. This task of bridging research and practice fell to the Office of Medical Applications of Research (OMAR), which administered the NIH Consensus Development Program (CDP) between 1978 and 2012. This article argues that the CDP represented an unusual attempt to depoliticize biomedical research and medical practice at a particularly controversial time in American medicine. Throughout the program's existence, administrators sought ways to bring new knowledge to the medical community without creating the appearance of regulating clinical practice. For an agency with a mandate to promote the production of new biomedical knowledge, the question remained open as to how far this responsibility extended from the bench to the bedside. In striking this balance, the leadership sought to refine their understanding of the role and mission of the NIH. The history of the CDP has much to tell us about postwar biomedical research, health politics, and the institutional development of the NIH.
第二次世界大战后，美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）成为生物医学研究的主要资助者。在随后的几十年里，NIH的管理人员试图确定如何以最佳方式传播其资助研究的成果，并管理与全国临床医生的关系。将研究与实践联系起来的这项任务落到了研究医学应用办公室（OMAR）身上，该办公室在1978年至2012年期间管理着NIH共识发展项目（CDP）。本文认为，在20世纪70年代美国医学特别有争议的时期，CDP是将生物医学研究和医疗实践去政治化的一次不同寻常的尝试。在该项目存在的整个过程中，管理人员一直在寻找方法，将新知识带给医学界，同时又不显得在对临床实践进行监管。对于一个肩负促进新生物医学知识产生使命的机构来说，其责任从实验室延伸到临床的程度这一问题仍然悬而未决。在寻求这种平衡的过程中，领导层试图深化他们对NIH的作用和使命的理解。CDP的历史能让我们了解到很多关于战后生物医学研究、卫生政策以及NIH机构发展的情况。
