Institute for Governmental Service and Research, University of Maryland at College Park.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2020 Apr 16;75(5):1021-1029. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gby092.
Asian Americans are the fastest-growing minority group in the United States, yet little is known about their functional mobility. To overcome such a gap, this study examined the association between demographic/economic characteristics and functional limitations for middle-aged and older Asian Indians, Chinese, and Filipinos.
This study utilized microdata from the National Health Interview Survey pooled sample (2010-2016 IPUMS NHIS with a sample size of 6,767 Asians). Logit regressions were used to examine factors associated with functional limitations. Measures include age, gender, currently married, education (categorized as less than high school, high school, some college, college, advanced degree), birth and citizenship status, household income, home ownership, types of health insurance (e.g., Medicaid, Medicare, private), and geographic region (i.e., Northeast, Midwest, South, and West).
Chinese (odds ratio [OR] 0.57, p < .01) and Filipinos (OR 0.74, p < .05) had lower odds for any functional limitations relative to Asian Indians. Currently married and individuals with a higher income were also associated with reduced odds for limitations in the overall analysis. As for the subgroup analysis, there was a positive association between age and the presence of any functional limitations for Asian Indians (OR 1.05, p < .01), Chinese (OR 1.08, p < .01), and Filipinos (OR 1.03, p < .01). In terms of gender, Asian Indian men were less likely (OR 0.51, p < .01), whereas Filipino men were more likely to have limitations (OR 1.09, p < .05).
Asian Indians appeared to have a poorer health profile for limitations in dressing, eating, walking, or working when compared with Chinese and Filipinos. A pronounced difference at older ages was also apparent for Asian Indians by gender and the likelihood of having any limitations increased much faster for Asian Indian women. For Chinese, there was a dramatic increase in functional limitations after age 75 (particularly for women) and the predicted probability for this subgroup approximated 20%. For Filipinos, men were more likely to have limitations. These findings raise interesting questions about the on-set of disability by age and gender for Asian subgroups.
亚裔美国人是美国增长最快的少数族裔群体，但人们对他们的功能移动性知之甚少。为了弥补这一差距，本研究调查了中年和老年印度裔、华裔和菲律宾裔的人口统计学/经济特征与功能障碍之间的关联。
本研究利用了国家健康访谈调查（2010-2016 年 IPUMS NHIS）汇总样本中的微观数据（样本量为 6767 名亚洲人）。使用逻辑回归检验与功能障碍相关的因素。测量包括年龄、性别、目前已婚、教育程度（分为未受过高中教育、高中、部分大学、大学、高等学位）、出生和公民身份、家庭收入、住房所有权、医疗保险类型（如医疗补助、医疗保险、私人保险）和地理位置（即东北部、中西部、南部和西部）。
与印度裔相比，华裔（优势比 [OR] 0.57，p<.01）和菲律宾裔（OR 0.74，p<.05）发生任何功能障碍的可能性较低。目前已婚和收入较高的人也与总体分析中功能障碍的可能性降低有关。就亚组分析而言，年龄与印度裔（OR 1.05，p<.01）、华裔（OR 1.08，p<.01）和菲律宾裔（OR 1.03，p<.01）出现任何功能障碍之间存在正相关。就性别而言，印度裔男性出现功能障碍的可能性较低（OR 0.51，p<.01），而菲律宾裔男性出现功能障碍的可能性较高（OR 1.09，p<.05）。
与华裔和菲律宾裔相比，印度裔在穿衣、吃饭、行走或工作方面的功能障碍表现出较差的健康状况。在年龄较大的人群中，印度裔的性别差异也很明显，印度裔女性出现任何功能障碍的可能性增加得更快。对于华裔来说，75 岁以后功能障碍的发生率显著增加（特别是女性），这个亚组的预测概率接近 20%。对于菲律宾裔来说，男性更有可能出现功能障碍。这些发现引发了关于亚洲人亚组因年龄和性别而出现残疾的有趣问题。
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