Kabadi U M
Postgrad Med. 1986 Jun;79(8):145-56. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1986.11699428.
The cornerstone of diabetes management is an appropriate diet. Various diets, including one low in carbohydrate, have been recommended in the past. The American Diabetes Association currently recommends a diet high in complex carbohydrate and fiber. The diet plan should be individualized. Caloric content is based on the patient's body build, weight, energy needs, and activity and may be adjusted according to individual eating habits, type of insulin regimen, and metabolic derangements. The proportion of caloric sources (fat, carbohydrate, protein) may be altered depending on the presence of secondary disorders. Several small daily meals, including a bedtime snack, are advised. Diabetic diets are often cost-effective, contrary to common belief. Patients should be encouraged to exercise to achieve optimum diabetic control. Active patient participation in the management program is an essential component of therapy.
糖尿病管理的基石是合理饮食。过去曾推荐过各种饮食，包括低碳水化合物饮食。美国糖尿病协会目前推荐高复合碳水化合物和高纤维饮食。饮食计划应个体化。热量摄入基于患者的体型、体重、能量需求和活动情况，并可根据个人饮食习惯、胰岛素治疗方案类型和代谢紊乱情况进行调整。热量来源（脂肪、碳水化合物、蛋白质）的比例可根据是否存在继发性疾病而改变。建议每天少食多餐，包括睡前加餐。与普遍看法相反，糖尿病饮食通常具有成本效益。应鼓励患者进行锻炼以实现最佳的糖尿病控制。患者积极参与管理计划是治疗的重要组成部分。
