Hanley Brian, Tucker Catherine B
Carnegie School of Sport, Headingley Campus, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom.
Carnegie School of Sport, Headingley Campus, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom.
J Biomech. 2018 Oct 5;79:129-134. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.08.008. Epub 2018 Aug 16.
The aim of this study was to analyze changes in gait variability and symmetry in distance runners. Fourteen competitive athletes ran on an instrumented treadmill for 10,000 m at speeds equivalent to 103% of their season's best time. Spatiotemporal and ground reaction force data were recorded at 1500, 3000, 5000, 7500 and 9500 m. Gait variability and inter-leg symmetry were measured using median absolute deviation (MAD) and the symmetry angle, respectively. There were no overall changes during the running bout for absolute values, symmetry angles or variability, and there were only moderate changes in variability between successive testing distances for three variables. Even with these few changes, variability was low (<4%) at all distances for all variables measured and, on average, the athletes were symmetrical for five of the seven gait variables measured. There were greater mean asymmetry values for flight time (1.1-1.4%) and for impact force (2.0-2.9%), which might have occurred because of muscle latency as the lower limb responded passively to impact during initial contact. Although most athletes were asymmetrical (>1.2%) for at least one variable, no one was asymmetrical for more than four of the seven variables measured. Being asymmetrical in a few variables is therefore not abnormal and not indicative of asymmetrical gait and given many practitioners analyze symmetry (and variability) on an individual, case-study basis, caution should be taken when assessing the need for corrective interventions.
本研究的目的是分析长跑运动员步态变异性和对称性的变化。14名竞技运动员在装有仪器的跑步机上以相当于其赛季最佳成绩103%的速度跑10000米。在1500米、3000米、5000米、7500米和9500米处记录时空和地面反作用力数据。分别使用中位数绝对偏差（MAD）和对称角测量步态变异性和双腿间对称性。在跑步过程中，绝对值、对称角或变异性没有总体变化，并且对于三个变量，连续测试距离之间的变异性只有适度变化。即使有这些少量变化，所有测量变量在所有距离处的变异性都很低（<4%），并且平均而言，运动员在测量的七个步态变量中有五个是对称的。飞行时间（1.1 - 1.4%）和冲击力（2.0 - 2.9%）的平均不对称值更大，这可能是由于在初始接触时下肢被动响应冲击时肌肉延迟所致。尽管大多数运动员至少有一个变量不对称（>1.2%），但在测量的七个变量中，没有一个人不对称超过四个。因此，在几个变量中不对称并非异常，也不表明步态不对称，并且鉴于许多从业者在个体案例研究的基础上分析对称性（和变异性），在评估是否需要进行矫正干预时应谨慎。
