Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz," Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Ciudad de México, México.
Laboratorio de Correlación Electroencefalográfica y Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México.
J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol. 2018 Dec;329(10):557-569. doi: 10.1002/jez.2220. Epub 2018 Aug 21.
There is evidence that some animal species have developed physiological and behavioral mechanisms to monitor potential predatory threats during rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). Nevertheless, it has not been reported in arboreal primates. The present study analyzed the sleeping postures, as well as the electromyographic and electroencephalographic (EEG) activities during three conditions: REMS, non-REMS (N-REMS), and wakefulness in spider monkeys. The study included six monkeys, whose EEGs were recorded at the O1-O2, C3, C4, F3, and F4 derivations to analyze relative power (RP) and interhemispheric, intrahemispheric, frontoposterior, and central-posterior coherence of frequency bands, which has been considered an index of arousal states. The bands analyzed were theta (4.0-7.0 Hz), alpha1 (8.0-10.5 Hz), alpha2 (11.0-13.5 Hz), and beta (14.0-30.0 Hz). Spider monkeys adopt a vertical posture during sleep, and in REMS a lack of muscular atonia was observed. The RP of the alpha bands at O1-O2 was higher during REMS than that during wakefulness, N-REMS1, and N-REMS2. At the C3 derivation, the RP of alpha1 was higher during REMS than that during N-REMS2. The RP of both alpha bands at the F4 derivation was higher during REMS than that during wakefulness, whereas REMS was characterized by a higher coherence between the F3 and O1-O2 derivations of the alpha2 band. These prevalences and the higher coherence of alpha bands during REMS could represent a correlate of behavioral traits and activated cortical areas related to a possible arousal state in spider monkeys while sleeping.
有证据表明，一些动物物种已经发展出生理和行为机制，以便在快速眼动睡眠 (REMS) 期间监测潜在的捕食威胁。然而，在树栖灵长类动物中尚未有报道。本研究分析了蜘蛛猴在快速眼动睡眠 (REMS)、非快速眼动睡眠 (N-REMS) 和清醒三种状态下的睡眠姿势，以及肌电图和脑电图 (EEG) 活动。该研究包括 6 只猴子，其 EEG 在 O1-O2、C3、C4、F3 和 F4 导联上记录，以分析频率带的相对功率 (RP) 和半球间、半球内、额-后和中央-后相干性，这些被认为是觉醒状态的指标。分析的频段包括 theta (4.0-7.0 Hz)、alpha1 (8.0-10.5 Hz)、alpha2 (11.0-13.5 Hz) 和 beta (14.0-30.0 Hz)。蜘蛛猴在睡眠中采取垂直姿势，并且在 REMS 中观察到肌肉弛缓不足。在 O1-O2 导联上，alpha 频段的 RP 在 REMS 期间高于清醒、N-REMS1 和 N-REMS2 期间。在 C3 导联上，alpha1 频段的 RP 在 REMS 期间高于 N-REMS2 期间。在 F4 导联上，两个 alpha 频段的 RP 在 REMS 期间均高于清醒期间，而 REMS 的特征是 alpha2 频段的 F3 和 O1-O2 导联之间的相干性更高。这些优势以及 REMS 期间 alpha 频段的更高相干性可能代表了蜘蛛猴睡眠时与可能的觉醒状态相关的行为特征和激活皮层区域的相关因素。
