Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University Kayisdagi, Istanbul, Turkey.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1119:73-84. doi: 10.1007/5584_2018_255.
The use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in the treatment of diseases where immunomodulation impacts therapy is increasing steadily. Recent studies aim to achieve effective use of MSCs in treatment of Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD), Crohn's disease and organ transplantations. The molecular mechanisms governing immunomodulatory properties of MSCs have not been fully understood, although current studies are indicating progress. Especially, in vitro studies and animal models provide a major contribution to our knowledge in clinical use of MSCs. The immunosuppressive and immune-enhancer properties of MSCs are -typically- determined with respect to type and concentrations of soluble molecules found in their physiological environment. In mammals the immune system protects the organism -not only- from certain microorganisms, but also from any entity that it recognizes as foreign, including its own cells when it is received as a threat. This protection can sometimes occur by increasing the number of immune cells and sometimes by suppressing a pathologically hyper-induced immunological response. In particular, realization of the bi-directional effect of MSCs on immune cells has placed substantial emphasis on this area of research. This chapter focuses on the interaction of MSCs with the immune cells, the bilateral role of these interactions, and whether studies that aim to understand these interactions can yield promising results in terms of developing improved use of MSCs in treatment.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）在免疫调节影响治疗的疾病治疗中的应用正在稳步增加。最近的研究旨在实现间充质干细胞在移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）、克罗恩病和器官移植治疗中的有效应用。尽管目前的研究正在取得进展，但调控间充质干细胞免疫调节特性的分子机制尚未完全阐明。特别是，体外研究和动物模型为我们在间充质干细胞的临床应用中的知识提供了重要贡献。MSCs 的免疫抑制和免疫增强特性通常取决于其生理环境中存在的可溶性分子的类型和浓度。在哺乳动物中，免疫系统不仅保护机体免受某些微生物的侵害，还保护机体免受任何被其识别为外来的物质，包括当其被视为威胁时自身的细胞。这种保护有时可以通过增加免疫细胞的数量来实现，有时可以通过抑制病理性超诱导的免疫反应来实现。特别是，MSCs 对免疫细胞的双向作用的实现，使得这一研究领域受到了极大的关注。本章重点介绍了间充质干细胞与免疫细胞的相互作用、这些相互作用的双向作用，以及旨在理解这些相互作用的研究是否能够在开发改善间充质干细胞治疗方面取得有前景的结果。
