身体活动与认知障碍风险降低相关，无论女性或男性，只要他们患有人类免疫缺陷病毒感染。
Physical Activity Is Associated With Lower Odds of Cognitive Impairment in Women but Not Men Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.
机构信息
Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco.
Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco.
出版信息
J Infect Dis. 2019 Jan 7;219(2):264-274. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy503.
BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular comorbidities are risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cognitive impairment. Given differences in cardiometabolic risk profiles between women and men with HIV, we investigated whether associations between cardiometabolic risk factors and prevalent cognitive impairment differ by sex.
METHODS
Separate logistic regression models were constructed for women and men at entry into a prospective study of older persons with HIV (PWH) to assess the association of cardiometabolic and other risk factors with cognitive impairment.
RESULTS
Of 988 participants, 20% were women. Women had higher total cholesterol (194 vs 186 mg/dL; P = .027), hemoglobin A1c (5.9% vs 5.7%; P = .003), and body mass index (30.8 vs 27.4 kg/m2; P < .001) compared with men, and were less physically active (43% vs 55%; P = .005). In a multivariable model, physical activity was associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment in women (odds ratio, 0.35 [95% confidence interval, .15-.80]; P = .013) but not men.
CONCLUSIONS
Physical activity may have a greater positive impact on cognitive health in women than in men with HIV. This finding should be confirmed in studies examining the longitudinal association between physical activity and incident cognitive impairment in PWH and the effect of interventions that increase physical activity on cognitive impairment in women with HIV.
背景
心血管合并症是人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）相关认知障碍的危险因素。鉴于 HIV 感染者的心血管代谢风险特征在男女之间存在差异，我们研究了心血管代谢危险因素与普遍认知障碍之间的关联是否因性别而异。
方法
在一项针对老年 HIV 感染者（PWH）的前瞻性研究中，分别为女性和男性构建了逻辑回归模型，以评估心血管代谢和其他危险因素与认知障碍的关联。
结果
在 988 名参与者中，20%为女性。与男性相比，女性的总胆固醇（194 与 186 mg/dL；P =.027）、糖化血红蛋白（5.9%与 5.7%；P =.003）和体重指数（30.8 与 27.4 kg/m2；P <.001）更高，体力活动也更少（43%与 55%；P =.005）。在多变量模型中，体力活动与女性认知障碍的几率降低相关（比值比，0.35 [95%置信区间，0.15-0.80]；P =.013），但与男性无关。
结论
体力活动可能对 HIV 感染者女性的认知健康产生更大的积极影响。这一发现应在研究中得到证实，这些研究将检查 PWH 中体力活动与认知障碍发生率之间的纵向关联，以及增加体力活动对 HIV 感染者女性认知障碍的影响。
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