Wobser Anna M., Adkins Zachary, Wobser Randy W.
University of Nebraska at Omaha
The Ohio State University College of Medicine
The pelvis is a group of fused bones and may be considered the first step in the linkage of the axial skeleton (bones of the head, neck, and vertebrae) to the lower appendages. The part of the axial skeleton directly communicating with the pelvis is the lumbar spinal column. The femur is the appendicular skeletal bone connected to the pelvis at the acetabulum, a bony ring formed by the fusion of three bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. The main function of the pelvis is support for locomotion, as it provides attachment points for muscles, tendons, and ligaments. While stiff joints bind the axial skeleton to the pelvis, the appendicular skeleton is joined via a relatively free-floating ball and socket joint between the femur and the acetabulum to allow maximal mobility of the joint. In discussing the pelvis, a distinction can be made between the "pelvic spine" and the "pelvic girdle." The pelvic girdle, also known as the os coxae, Latin for “bone of the hip,” consists of the fused bones identified individually as the ilium, ischium, and pubis. The ring of this girdle is closed in the anterior by the pubic symphysis between the left and right pubic bones, and in the posterior between the left and right ilia and the sacrum at the sacroiliac joints. The pelvic spine consists of the sacrum and coccyx. Together these two parts form the bony pelvis.
骨盆是一组融合的骨骼，可以被认为是轴向骨骼（头部、颈部和椎骨的骨骼）与下肢连接的第一步。与骨盆直接相连的轴向骨骼部分是腰椎脊柱。股骨是通过髋臼与骨盆相连的附属骨骼，髋臼是由髂骨、坐骨和耻骨三块骨头融合形成的骨环。骨盆的主要功能是支持运动，因为它为肌肉、肌腱和韧带提供附着点。虽然僵硬的关节将轴向骨骼与骨盆相连，但附属骨骼通过股骨和髋臼之间相对自由浮动的球窝关节相连，以允许关节具有最大的活动度。在讨论骨盆时，可以区分“骨盆脊柱”和“骨盆带”。骨盆带，也称为髋骨，拉丁语为“髋骨”，由分别确定为髂骨、坐骨和耻骨的融合骨骼组成。该带的环在前方由左右耻骨之间的耻骨联合封闭，在后方由左右髂骨与骶髂关节处的骶骨封闭。骨盆脊柱由骶骨和尾骨组成。这两部分共同构成了骨性骨盆。
