Witthoft Nathan, Sha Long, Winawer Jonathan, Kiani Roozbeh
Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
J Vis. 2018 Aug 1;18(8):10. doi: 10.1167/18.8.10.
Perceptual systems adapt to their inputs. As a result, prolonged exposure to particular stimuli alters judgments about subsequent stimuli. This phenomenon is commonly assumed to be sensory in origin. Changes in the decision-making process, however, may also be a component of adaptation. Here, we quantify sensory and decision-making contributions to adaptation in a facial expression paradigm. As expected, exposure to happy or sad expressions shifts the psychometric function toward the adaptor. More surprisingly, response times show both an overall decline and an asymmetry, with faster responses opposite the adapting category, implicating a substantial change in the decision-making process. Specifically, we infer that sensory changes from adaptation are accompanied by changes in how much sensory information is accumulated for the two choices. We speculate that adaptation influences implicit expectations about the stimuli one will encounter, causing modifications in the decision-making process as part of a normative response to a change in context.
感知系统会适应其输入。因此，长时间暴露于特定刺激会改变对后续刺激的判断。这种现象通常被认为起源于感觉。然而，决策过程的变化也可能是适应的一个组成部分。在这里，我们在面部表情范式中量化了感觉和决策对适应的贡献。正如预期的那样，暴露于开心或悲伤表情会使心理测量函数向适应刺激方向移动。更令人惊讶的是，反应时间既显示出总体下降又存在不对称性，与适应类别相反的方向反应更快，这表明决策过程发生了重大变化。具体而言，我们推断适应引起的感觉变化伴随着为两种选择积累的感觉信息量的变化。我们推测，适应会影响对即将遇到的刺激的隐性预期，导致决策过程发生改变，这是对情境变化的一种规范反应的一部分。
