卡托维兹市区居民的身体活动与选定身体特征及社会因素的关系

Puciato Daniel, Mynarski Władysław, Rozpara Michał, Nawrocka Agnieszka

Opole University of Technololgy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland

The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland

Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2018;69(3):273-280.

BACKGROUND

Modern research of health determinants and health-related behavior patterns places a particular emphasis on the assessment of physical activity levels in various social and professional groups. The deficit of physical activity has become a common cause of serious diseases. Following the ecological model of health behavior, physical activity as a biological and cultural phenomenon can be indirectly modified by such interpersonal factors as age, sex, somatic traits and education.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of the present study was the identification and assessment of habitual physical activity of adult inhabitants from the Katowice Urban Area with regard to selected physical traits and social determinants.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study was carried out in the Katowice Urban Area in May and June, 2012-2014. The research material comprised 2,173 inhabitants, including 1,017 women and 1,156 men, aged 30 to 65 years. The respondents’ habitual physical activity was assessed with the use of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Version (IPAQ-SF). The obtained data on the respondents’ physical activity were compared with the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendations

RESULTS

The results of the study showed that the frequency and duration of high-intensity physical activity and duration of moderate-intensity physical activity were significantly greater in the male inhabitants. The age was also a significant factor affecting the levels of high-intensity physical activity in men. Body build was not a significant determinant of the frequency and duration of physical activity in both men and women from Katowice. The education level only affected the level of physical activity in men. Sex, age, and education of the respondents were statistically significant determinants of their level of fulfilment of the ACSM recommendations.

CONCLUSIONS

Propagation of physical activity among adults and the elderly, and women in particular, remains a continuing challenge facing health promotion professionals.

背景

现代关于健康决定因素和与健康相关行为模式的研究特别强调对不同社会和职业群体身体活动水平的评估。身体活动不足已成为严重疾病的常见原因。根据健康行为的生态模型，身体活动作为一种生物和文化现象，会受到年龄、性别、身体特征和教育等人际因素的间接影响。

目的

本研究的目的是识别和评估卡托维兹市区成年居民的习惯性身体活动，以及选定的身体特征和社会决定因素。

材料与方法

该研究于2012 - 2014年5月和6月在卡托维兹市区进行。研究材料包括2173名居民，其中1017名女性和1156名男性，年龄在30至65岁之间。使用国际身体活动问卷简版（IPAQ - SF）评估受访者的习惯性身体活动。将获得的受访者身体活动数据与美国运动医学学院（ACSM）的建议进行比较。

结果

研究结果表明，男性居民的高强度身体活动频率和持续时间以及中等强度身体活动持续时间明显更高。年龄也是影响男性高强度身体活动水平的重要因素。身体体型并非卡托维兹市男性和女性身体活动频率和持续时间的重要决定因素。教育水平仅影响男性的身体活动水平。受访者的性别、年龄和教育程度在统计学上是其符合ACSM建议水平的显著决定因素。