[Malaria Situation in the People’s Republic of China in 2015].

The 2015 malaria epidemiological data reported through the annual malaria statistics reporting system were collected and analyzed. Totally 3 288 malaria cases were reported in 664 counties of 31 Provinces/Municipalities/Autonomous Regions （P/M/A） in 2015, which increased by 6.8% in comparison to that of 2014 （3 078 cases）, and the incidence in 2015 was 0.024 0/10 000. The cases were reported primarily from Provinces of Yunnan （18.4%, 606/3 288）, Jiangsu （12.3%, 405/3 288）, Sichuan （8.8%, 290/3 288）, Guangxi （7.2%, 236/3 288） and Shandong（6.4%, 212/3 288）. Of all the cases, 40（1.2%, 40/3 288） were indigenous cases, mainly distributed in the border area of Yunnan （six counties）, Tibet （one county）, Liaoning （one county） and Hainan （one county）. There was one case of whom the source of infection was unknown. The locally-infected falciparum malaria was only found in Cangyuan County of Yunnan（1 case）. The prevalence of indigenous malaria in Motuo County of the Tibet Autonomous Region was over 1/10 000. Meanwhile, there were 3 248（98.8%, 3 248/3 288） abroad-imported cases which widely distributed in the 31 P/M/As. In addition, 3 265（99.3%, 3 265/3 288） of the reported cases were confirmed in reference laboratories, comprising 878 cases of Plasmodium vivax（26.9%, 878/3 265） 1 992 cases of P. falciparum（61.0%, 1 992/3 265）, 76 cases of P. malariae（2.3%, 76/3 265）, 272 cases of P. ovale（8.3%, 272/3 265） and 47 cases of mixed infection（1.4%, 47/3 265）. Furthermore, 163 cases（5.0%, 163/3 288） with severe clinical symptoms were reported in 14 P/M/As, with 20 deaths（0.6%, 20/3 288） in 10 P/M/As. Totally 3 116 malaria cases were reported through the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, including 39 indigenous cases. These data reflect achievements in malaria elimination, despite that challenges remain in boarder areas of Yunnan Province and in Motuo County of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Efforts are still needed in risk assesment for malaria re-transmission.