Pidgorskyi V S, Nogina T M
Mikrobiol Z. 2016 Nov-Dec;78(6):92-103.
Environmental pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons has become one of the most urgent problems worldwide. The effectiveness of bioremediation of oil pollutions is significantly affected by the inherent capabilities of microorganisms and their specific adaptive mechanisms of hydrocarbon assimilation. In this study the hydrocarbon biodegradation efficiency and the surface-active properties of the hydrocarbon-oxidizing strains of Gordonia rubripertincta IMB Ac-5005, Rhodococcus erythropolis IMB B-7012 and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus IMB B-7013 were determined. These strains showed high efficiency of biodegradation of n-hexadecane (82.1–86.7 %), kerosene (72.5–80.3 %), diesel fuel (70.1–74.3 %) and crude oil (63.5–68.9 %). The mixed culture of these strains completely assimilated n-alkanes C9–C21 as well as iso-alkanes C8–C17 and significantly decreased (150–230 times) the amount of n-alkanes C22–C26 in the process of cleaning up water from raw oil. The utilization of hydrocarbons by G. rubripertincta IMB Ac-5005 and R. erythropolis IMB B-7012 with low initial hydrophobicity index (2.4 and 9.6 % respectively) was accompanied by the increase in cell surface hydrophobicity (4 and 25 times respectively) and by the synthesis of cell-bound biosurfactants forming stable emulsions of “oil-in-water” type. The dominating components of these biosurfactants were glycolipids: mono- and dimycolates of trehalose. The assimilation of hydrocarbons by highly hydrophobic A. calcoaceticus IMB B-7013 with the initial hydrophobicity index 99.4 % resulted in the decrease of this value by 1.4 times and the synthesis of extracellular biosurfactant forming stable emulsions of “water-in-oil” type. The biosurfactant of A. calcoaceticus IMB B-7013 is similar to emulsans according to its chemical composition and ratio of the main components (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids). The experimental data provide grounds for efficient using of these strains in the process of bioremediation of oil-polluted water and soils.
石油烃造成的环境污染已成为全球最紧迫的问题之一。石油污染生物修复的有效性受到微生物固有能力及其碳氢化合物同化特定适应机制的显著影响。在本研究中，测定了红橙戈登氏菌IMB Ac - 5005、红平红球菌IMB B - 7012和醋酸钙不动杆菌IMB B - 7013等碳氢化合物氧化菌株的碳氢化合物生物降解效率和表面活性特性。这些菌株对正十六烷（82.1 - 86.7%）、煤油（72.5 - 80.3%）、柴油（70.1 - 74.3%）和原油（63.5 - 68.9%）表现出高效的生物降解能力。这些菌株的混合培养物完全同化了C9 - C21的正构烷烃以及C8 - C17的异构烷烃，并在从原油中净化水的过程中显著降低了（150 - 230倍）C22 - C26正构烷烃的含量。初始疏水指数较低（分别为2.4%和9.6%）的红橙戈登氏菌IMB Ac - 5005和红平红球菌IMB B - 7012利用碳氢化合物时，细胞表面疏水性增加（分别为4倍和25倍），并合成了形成稳定“水包油”型乳液的细胞结合生物表面活性剂。这些生物表面活性剂的主要成分是糖脂：海藻糖的单和二霉菌酸酯。初始疏水指数为99.4%的高度疏水的醋酸钙不动杆菌IMB B - 7013同化碳氢化合物导致该值降低1.4倍，并合成了形成稳定“油包水”型乳液的细胞外生物表面活性剂。醋酸钙不动杆菌IMB B - 7013的生物表面活性剂在化学成分和主要成分（碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂质）比例方面与乳化素相似。实验数据为在石油污染水和土壤的生物修复过程中有效利用这些菌株提供了依据。
