School of Information Science and Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan, 650500, China.
GIS Technology Research Center of Resource and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan, 650500, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Oct;25(29):29643-29653. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2967-1. Epub 2018 Aug 24.
The relationships between impervious surface area (ISA) patterns and characteristics have long been studied to examine the impacts of hydrological cycles, water management, surface energy balances, and biodiversity. This study assessed the Dianchi Lake watershed as a case study area to illustrate ISA change characteristics and their impacts on Dianchi Lake water quality. More than 200 Landsat images (from 1988 to 2017) were first downloaded through the US Geological Survey (USGS) online portal. Then, a series of ISA maps of the Dianchi Lake watershed at an annual resolution were built using a robust method we proposed. Then, the change characteristics of main water quality parameters were analyzed from spatial-temporal viewpoints. Finally, correlations between ISA and Lake water quality were made. The research results indicated that the ISA proportion of the Dianchi Lake watershed rapidly increased (from 1.84% in 1988 to 34.32% in 2017), the annual ISA total growth rate exceeded 21 km/year, and the urban area encircled Dianchi Lake. The Dianchi Lake watershed has begun to adopt the "Rashly Advancing" and "Great Leap Forward" strategies of urbanization. Chlorophyll a (Chla), dissolved oxygen (DO), and transparency (Trans) showed significantly changing tendencies, whereas the values of pH, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus stayed relatively constant. The polynomial regression models and corresponding R values indicated strong correlations between ISA and three water quality parameters (Chla, DO, and Trans). The development of better strategies for the control and reduction of water pollution without optimizing ISA spatial distribution is essential for Kunming's continued urbanization.
不透水面面积（ISA）模式及其特征之间的关系一直以来都受到研究，以考察水文循环、水管理、地表能量平衡和生物多样性的影响。本研究以滇池流域为例，说明 ISA 变化特征及其对滇池水质的影响。首先，通过美国地质调查局（USGS）在线门户下载了 200 多幅 Landsat 图像（1988 年至 2017 年）。然后，使用我们提出的稳健方法，每年为滇池流域建立一系列 ISA 地图。然后，从时空角度分析了主要水质参数的变化特征。最后，对 ISA 与湖泊水质之间的关系进行了分析。研究结果表明，滇池流域的 ISA 比例迅速增加（从 1988 年的 1.84%增加到 2017 年的 34.32%），ISA 年总增长率超过 21km/年，城市区域包围了滇池。滇池流域已开始采用“大跃进”式的城市化“冒进”和“跃进”策略。叶绿素 a（Chla）、溶解氧（DO）和透明度（Trans）呈现出显著的变化趋势，而 pH 值、总氮和总磷的值则相对稳定。多项式回归模型和相应的 R 值表明，ISA 与三个水质参数（Chla、DO 和 Trans）之间存在很强的相关性。在不优化 ISA 空间分布的情况下，制定更好的水污染控制和减排策略对于昆明的持续城市化至关重要。
