Gordon Swanne P, Chen Yun Yi, Yamashita Karalynn, Bejar Christopher, Wilshire Adam, Cheung Vinson
Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland.
Department of Biology University of California Riverside California.
Ecol Evol. 2015 Oct 28;5(22):5318-5328. doi: 10.1002/ece3.1789. eCollection 2015 Nov.
Swim performance is considered a main fitness-determining trait in many aquatic organisms. Swimming is generally the only way most aquatic prey can escape predation, and swimming capacity is directly linked to food capture, habitat shifts, and reproduction. Therefore, evolutionary studies of swim performance are important to understand adaptation to aquatic environments. Most studies, however, concentrate on the importance of burst-swim responses to predators, and little is known about its effect on endurance. Even fewer studies associate differences in organism swim capabilities to key gender-specific responses. In this experiment, we assess the gender-specific genetic basis of swimming endurance among four different populations of Trinidadian guppies adapted to different predation regimes. Our results show that second-generation common-garden females adapted to a low-predation environment show longer swim endurance than fish adapted to a high-predation environment. We also find an expected effect of lowered swimming endurance during pregnancy, but interestingly, it did not matter whether the females were in advanced stages of pregnancy, which severely changes body morphology, versus mid-pregnancy. Males did not show the same trends across populations, and overall had lower swim endurances than female fish combined even when accounting for size differences. Populations recently transplanted from high- to low-predation environments showed similar endurance to natural low-predation environments in one population but not the other. This study highlights the importance of endurance in the adaptation of aquatic organisms to different predation regimes.
游泳能力被认为是许多水生生物主要的 fitness 决定性状。游泳通常是大多数水生猎物逃避捕食的唯一途径，并且游泳能力直接与食物获取、栖息地转移和繁殖相关。因此，游泳能力的进化研究对于理解对水生环境的适应性很重要。然而，大多数研究集中在爆发性游泳反应对捕食者的重要性上，而对其对耐力的影响了解甚少。将生物游泳能力差异与关键的性别特异性反应联系起来的研究更少。在本实验中，我们评估了适应不同捕食模式的四个特立尼达孔雀鱼种群中游泳耐力的性别特异性遗传基础。我们的结果表明，适应低捕食环境的第二代共同饲养雌性比适应高捕食环境的鱼类表现出更长的游泳耐力。我们还发现了怀孕期间游泳耐力下降的预期效果，但有趣的是，雌性处于怀孕后期（这会严重改变身体形态）还是怀孕中期并不重要。雄性在不同种群中没有表现出相同的趋势，并且即使考虑到体型差异，总体游泳耐力也比雌性鱼类低。最近从高捕食环境移植到低捕食环境的种群在一个种群中表现出与天然低捕食环境相似的耐力，但在另一个种群中则不然。这项研究强调了耐力在水生生物适应不同捕食模式中的重要性。
