Irschick Duncan J, Losos Jonathan B
Department of Biology, Campus Box 1137, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63130-4899.
Evolution. 1998 Feb;52(1):219-226. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb05155.x.
We examined the sprinting and jumping capabilities of eight West Indian Anolis species during three natural activities (escape from a predator, feeding, and undisturbed activity). We then compared these field data with maximal performance under optimal laboratory conditions to answer three questions: (1) Has maximal (i.e., laboratory) sprinting and jumping performance coevolved with field performance among species? (2) What proportion of their maximum capabilities do anoles sprint and jump in different ecological contexts? (3) Does a relationship exist between maximal sprinting and jumping ability and the proportion of maximal performance used in these contexts? Among species, maximal speed is tightly positively correlated with sprinting performance during both feeding and escape in the field. Sprinting speed during escape closely matches maximal sprinting ability (i.e., about 90% of maximum performance). By contrast, sprinting performance during undisturbed activity is markedly lower (about 32% of maximum) than maximal sprinting performance. Sprinting ability during feeding is intermediate (about 71% of maximum) between field escape and field undisturbed activity. In contrast to sprinting ability, jumping ability is always substantially less than maximum (about 40% of maximum during feeding and undisturbed activity). A negative relationship exists among species between maximal speed and the proportion to which species sprint to their maximal abilities during field escape.
我们研究了八种西印度安乐蜥在三种自然活动（逃避捕食者、觅食和正常活动）中的冲刺和跳跃能力。然后，我们将这些野外数据与最佳实验室条件下的最大表现进行比较，以回答三个问题：（1）物种间最大（即实验室中的）冲刺和跳跃表现是否与野外表现共同进化？（2）安乐蜥在不同生态环境中冲刺和跳跃的能力占其最大能力的比例是多少？（3）最大冲刺和跳跃能力与在这些环境中使用的最大表现比例之间是否存在关系？在物种之间，最大速度与野外觅食和逃避过程中的冲刺表现紧密正相关。逃避时的冲刺速度与最大冲刺能力密切匹配（即约为最大表现的90%）。相比之下，正常活动期间的冲刺表现明显低于最大冲刺表现（约为最大表现的32%）。觅食时的冲刺能力介于野外逃避和野外正常活动之间（约为最大表现的71%）。与冲刺能力不同，跳跃能力始终远低于最大值（觅食和正常活动期间约为最大值的40%）。在物种之间，最大速度与野外逃避时物种冲刺到其最大能力的比例呈负相关。
